Do We Need Another L1? - Inside Monad’s Parallel EVM
•November 25, 2025
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Why It Matters
Monad shows that a high‑throughput, permissionless layer‑1 can be built on ordinary consumer hardware, challenging the data‑center‑centric layer‑2 model and opening new pathways for decentralized finance and broader blockchain adoption.
Summary
The episode centers on Monad’s “parallel EVM” and asks whether the ecosystem truly needs another general‑purpose layer‑1. Monad’s team argues that the project is not just a performance tweak but a full‑stack redesign that delivers fast finality, high throughput and strong decentralization from day one, positioning it as a viable alternative to the myriad layer‑2 solutions that currently piggy‑back on Ethereum.
Key technical insights include Monad’s decision to remain a layer‑1 rather than a layer‑2, because consensus‑layer innovations are essential for true decentralization. By imposing consumer‑grade hardware constraints—32 GB RAM, a 2 TB SSD and modest CPU/network bandwidth—the team forced themselves to redesign both execution and consensus. The result is a claimed 10,000 TPS (≈500 million gas per second) on mainnet after three and a half years of research, achieved through six stacked optimizations to the EVM and its underlying consensus.
Notable quotes illustrate the philosophy: “anyone should be able to run a node without expensive hardware,” likening decentralization to a separation of powers where no single entity can override state. The hosts compare Monad to Bitcoin and Ethereum, noting that most newer high‑TPS chains operate as data‑center‑centric L2s, whereas Monad aims to stay a “consumer‑hardware chain.” The discussion also touches on real‑world use cases, from crypto‑backed loans on Coinbase to DeFi liquidity on Unichain, underscoring the broader ecosystem relevance.
The implications are significant: if Monad can sustain its performance and decentralization promises, it could shift developer and investor focus toward truly permissionless, high‑throughput L1s, reducing reliance on centralized L2 operators and expanding the toolkit for building scalable DeFi and global financial applications.
Original Description
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Monad just launched Mainnet!
That’s why Ryan sits down with Monad co-founder Keone Hon today.
We ask the blunt question: do we really need another general-purpose L1?
Why not just build this as an Ethereum L2 instead?
Keone explains how Monad’s parallel, pipelined EVM works under tight consumer-hardware constraints (32GB RAM, 2TB SSD, 100 Mbps), delivering ~500M gas/sec, 400ms blocks, and fast finality while preserving decentralization.
Enjoy the episode!
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TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Another L1?
1:36 Why L1 vs L2?
2:46 Decentralization
10:19 Run at Home vs Datacenter Chains
12:09 The Purpose of a Blockchain
14:06 The Purpose of Monad
16:00 Why EVM?
28:33 Solana for the EVM?
29:47 Monad vs Ethereum
34:23 Monad Scaling
36:40 Ethereum Roadmap
39:43 How Monad Benefits Ethereum
42:51 Keone’s Background
50:49 How Fast is Too Fast?
59:12 MEV
1:04:07 Monad Layer2s?
1:05:14 Monad Launch Decentralization
1:06:00 Launch Ecosystem
1:08:22 Monad Token
1:16:55 L1 Token Valuations
1:19:18 Monad vs MegaETH
1:23:59 Monad’s Success Case
1:25:57 Mainnet
1:27:11 Closing & Disclaimers
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RESOURCES
Keone Hon
Monad
Monad Website
Monad Links
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