What Is Disrupting GPS Over Europe?

Veritasium
VeritasiumJun 5, 2026

Why It Matters

Satellite‑based GNSS jamming could cripple navigation‑dependent industries and compromise security, prompting urgent calls for stronger monitoring and regulatory defenses.

Key Takeaways

  • GPS signals across Europe dropped tenfold during brief, synchronized events.
  • Researchers traced source to a high‑altitude satellite, not ground interference.
  • Disruptions occurred on weekdays during business hours, suggesting intentional use.
  • A narrow 5 MHz band at 1,577.5 MHz was specifically targeted.
  • Potential GNSS jamming could impact navigation, finance, and defense operations.

Summary

The video examines a series of mysterious GPS disruptions that swept across Europe, from Svalbard to Spain, causing a sudden ten‑fold drop in signal‑to‑noise ratio. Professor Todd Humphreys and his student Zach Clements identified the events in publicly available 2021 data, noting that 75 similar incidents occurred between 2019 and 2024, all synchronized across a continent‑wide network of monitoring stations.

Analysis of the timing, geography and signal characteristics ruled out ground‑based sources. The curvature of the Earth required a transmitter at least 1,200 km altitude—well above the International Space Station. Solar storms were dismissed because the bursts were only three to five seconds long and confined to a narrow 5 MHz slice centered at 1,577.5 MHz, the GPS L1 frequency. The pattern of occurrences—mostly on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays during European business hours—further suggested human control rather than random failure.

The researchers concluded the culprit is a satellite deliberately emitting interference, a form of GNSS jamming. They contrasted this with earlier speculation about a Kaliningrad ground transmitter and noted that the interference’s precision and timing could not be explained by accidental hardware malfunctions. The video also highlighted how GPS works, the fragility of its 10⁻¹⁶‑watt signals, and why the protected L‑band is a prime target for jamming.

If such satellite‑based jamming is intentional, it threatens critical sectors that rely on precise positioning—aviation, maritime navigation, financial transaction timestamps, and military operations. The episode underscores the need for robust detection, attribution mechanisms, and international safeguards to protect the global navigation satellite system infrastructure.

Original Description

Something is disrupting GPS signals across Europe. Sponsored by Ground News. Go to https://ground.news/Ve for 40% off the unlimited Vantage plan.
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▀▀▀
0:00 What is jamming Europe’s GPS?
4:43 How does GPS work?
10:46 How easy is it to jam GPS?
12:18 The Hunt To Find The Jammer
17:12 Who are the possible culprits?
20:06 The Investigation Goes Public
23:00 Narrowing In On The Jammer
25:15 Cosmos 2546
28:25 A Secret Messaging Service?
29:19 What happens if we lose GPS?
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Special thanks to the experts and collaborators who made this video possible:
Professor Todd Humphreys and Dr Zach Clements at the University of Texas at Austin, whose research this story is based on - thank you for sharing your data, your time, and the inside story of the hunt.
Ramsey Faragher, for the brilliant interview, feedback and stories that helped to shape this video.
Richard D. Easton, for helping us understand the history of GPS.
Dana Goward, President of the Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation, for providing context on interference and alternative systems.
Richard Bowden and Luis Enrique Aguado from GMV for sharing their independent work tracing the source of the interference.
Ben Watts, for sharing his first-hand experience of GPS jamming and spoofing from the cockpit.
KeepTrack (https://keeptrack.space/) for generously giving us access to their satellite-tracking software, which we used to visualise the search through 15,000 satellites for the culprit. And to GPSWise (https://gpswise.aero/) for kindly providing their software which we used to visualise GPS jamming and spoofing.
Bartosz Ciechanowski, whose interactive GPS explainer (https://ciechanow.ski/gps/) was a great resource for research and the basis for one of our technical animations. Thank you for allowing us to build on your work.
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References:
Clements, Z. L., Kriezis, A., & Humphreys, T. E. (2026). Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference - https://ve42.co/GNSSInterference
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Writer, Producer & Director: Emilia Gyles
Presenters: Derek Muller & Gregor Čavlović
Editor: Peter Nelson
Asst. Editor & Sound Designer: James Stuart
Animators: Domonkos Józsa, Emma Wright, Alex Drakoulis & Andrew Neet
Illustrators: Jakub Misiek & Maria Gusakovich
Stop Motion: Sulli Yost
Researchers: Aakash Singh Bagga, Sophia Rose & Callum Cuttle
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Daniel Ellacott
Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Matthew Cavanagh & Anna Milkovic
Executive Producers: Casper Mebius, Derek Muller & Gregor Čavlović
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

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