Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

NBER
NBERMay 8, 2026

Why It Matters

The trial underscores that AI‑driven mental‑health apps may struggle to deliver measurable benefits without sustained user engagement, tempering expectations for cost‑effective, on‑demand care.

Key Takeaways

  • AI mental health app trial in Mexico targeting women with mild distress
  • Initial engagement high, but only ten percent remain active at six months
  • App includes mood diary, guided exercises, and CBT‑based AI chatbot
  • Study finds no statistically significant improvement in depression or anxiety
  • Usage peaks evenings and weekends, indicating demand for on‑demand support

Summary

The video presents a randomized controlled trial evaluating an AI‑powered mental‑health application, MindSurf, among Mexican women experiencing mild psychological distress.

Researchers recruited roughly 2,000 participants via social media, randomizing half to three months of free premium access and later offering extensions. Early engagement was strong—about 82 % opened the app—but usage fell to roughly 10 % by six months, with average cumulative use of 172 minutes in the first quarter. Most sessions occurred outside business hours, especially late evenings.

The app bundles a mood diary, guided CBT exercises, and an AI chatbot trained on cognitive‑behavioral therapy principles, delivering cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation prompts. Despite high initial uptake, the study reported no statistically significant gains in depression, anxiety, stress or overall well‑being, nor any measurable shift in demand for traditional psychotherapy.

The findings highlight the challenge of sustaining digital‑health engagement and question the clinical efficacy of wellness‑grade AI tools. Policymakers and investors may need to temper optimism about scalable AI solutions until longer‑term adherence and outcome data improve.

Original Description

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