Why Cultivating Agency Matters More than Cultivating Skills in the AI Era | Max Schoening (Notion)

Lenny Rachitsky
Lenny RachitskyMay 2, 2026

Why It Matters

Agency‑focused cultures enable teams to harness AI’s speed without sacrificing quality, giving firms a decisive edge in a market where rapid iteration is the new norm.

Key Takeaways

  • Agency, not just skills, drives success in AI‑augmented work.
  • Designers and PMs should prototype in code to understand AI agents.
  • High‑agency employees reshape roles, bypass traditional job boundaries.
  • Early AI playgrounds lower friction, accelerating product experimentation.
  • Balancing coding with strategic thinking prevents shallow feature churn.

Summary

Max Schoening, head of product at Notion, argues that the AI era shifts the competitive edge from raw technical skills to personal agency – the belief that one can shape outcomes and iterate rapidly. He observes that the first 10% of a project – ideation and prototype – is now almost free thanks to large language models, prompting teams to experiment without the traditional cost of building scaffolding.

The conversation highlights several trends: designers and product managers are moving from static Figma mock‑ups to code‑first prototypes, learning the material of AI‑driven agent loops. This hands‑on approach forces a deeper understanding of how prompts, feedback, and model behavior interact, rather than merely shipping superficial UI tweaks. High‑agency individuals, like Notion’s Brian Leven and Eric Lou, exemplify the new mindset by redefining roles, recruiting proactively, and turning strategy documents into functional prototypes.

Schoening stresses that coding is valuable not for production volume but as a learning tool that reveals the constraints and possibilities of AI‑augmented software. He warns against conflating rapid feature output with quality, noting that while the quantity of software has surged, reliability remains uneven. The goal, he says, is to master the medium – the AI agent – before scaling it into a polished product.

For businesses, cultivating agency means empowering employees to treat the product as a malleable system, encouraging cross‑functional fluency, and investing in low‑friction experimentation environments. Companies that embed this mindset will adapt faster to evolving model capabilities, maintain higher product quality, and avoid the talent bottlenecks that arise when roles become overly siloed.

Original Description

Max Schoening is head of product at Notion, where he’s been especially effective at getting designers and PMs to ship code, prototype in the terminal, and launch extremely successful AI products. He was previously a PM at Google, ran design at Heroku, was VP of Design (and a part-time engineer) at GitHub, and is a two-time founder. He’s one of the most AI-forward product leaders out there and one of the deepest thinkers on how AI changes how we build and use software.
We discuss:
1. What’s most worked in getting designers and PMs to embrace AI
2. Why agency—not skills—is the thing that separates people who thrive from those who fall behind
3. How the first 10% of every project is now “free,” and what that means for product development
4. Max’s “tiny core” theory of great products: iPhone multitouch, the GitHub pull request, Notion blocks, Dropbox’s menu bar icon
5. Why the SaaSpocalypse is overstated
6. Why the amount of software has exploded but the quality hasn’t, and why that gap creates opportunity
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Where to find Max Schoening:
• Website: https://max.dev
Where to find Lenny:
In this episode, we cover:
(00:00) Introduction to Max Schoening
(01:55) The origin story of designers coding at Notion
(06:30) How much designers and PMs are shipping today
(08:24) The balance between shipping code and strategic work
(10:32) Why agency will help you thrive in the AI era
(11:49) Examples of high agency at Notion
(13:52) What we might lose as roles merge
(15:56) Advice for developing agency
(17:42) Malleable software explained
(20:43) The Dieter Rams video and design philosophy
(24:00) The SaaS apocalypse debate
(28:25) How product building has changed in the past two years
(30:27) What’s next in how we build products
(34:16) Token spend and ROI conversations
(37:39) Getting people to change how they work
(39:04) Max’s AI stack
(41:41) Which roles AI will transform next
(44:26) When companies will start caring about ROI
(48:38) Why Notion AI is so successful
(51:47) How to ship more quickly while maintaining quality
(56:40) Building taste through iterations
(1:00:09) What matters most in building successful products
(1:05:06) Using the jobs-to-be-done framework
(1:07:28) Hot take on universal basic income
(1:09:26) What Max would do with AGI
(1:10:53) Contrarian corner
(1:13:14) Failure corner
(1:16:20) Advice for young people in Silicon Valley
(1:19:20) Lightning round and final thoughts
Referenced:
• Bret Victor—Stop Drawing Dead Fish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfytHvgHybA
• GitHub: https://github.com
• Notion’s Brian Lovin on building a shared prototype playground, using Claude Code to transform Figma designs into working code, and why AI is changing how designers work: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/i-havent-written-a-single-line-of
• Eric Liu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erictliu
• The Dieter Rams video pinned to Max’s X profile: https://x.com/mschoening/status/1725199919739519299
• He saved OpenAI, invented the “Like” button, and built Google Maps: Bret Taylor on the future of careers, coding, agents, and more: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/he-saved-openai-bret-taylor
_Production and marketing by https://penname.co/._
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Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed.

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