Planning Barriers ‘Threaten to Stall Momentum’ in UK Battery Storage Market

Why It Matters

Planning delays inflate costs and could curb the UK’s ability to meet its net‑zero targets, while investors watch for regulatory certainty. Resolving these issues is essential to sustain rapid BESS rollout and support renewable integration.

Key Takeaways

• 2025 added 4 GWh, total 12.9 GWh
• Planning inconsistencies delay BESS projects
• Local opposition driven by fire safety fears
• Lack of unified policy creates mosaic requirements
• Safety record improving; incidents remain rare

Pulse Analysis

The United Kingdom’s battery‑storage sector surged in 2025, delivering a record‑high 4 GWh of new capacity and pushing total operational storage to 12.9 GWh. This growth was driven by a concentration of megawatt‑scale projects, with more than three‑quarters of added capacity coming from sites larger than 50 MW. Such scale economies are essential for providing ancillary services, balancing intermittent renewables, and reducing reliance on fossil‑fuel peaker plants, positioning BESS as a cornerstone of the country’s decarbonisation roadmap.

Despite the technical progress, developers are increasingly entangled in a fragmented planning landscape. Local authorities lack a dedicated classification for BESS within the National Planning Policy Framework, leading to divergent safety, noise, and visual‑impact requirements across neighbouring councils. The resulting uncertainty inflates project timelines and costs, while a wave of community opposition—often fueled by misconceptions about fire risk—has forced several proposals to be delayed or withdrawn. These sociopolitical frictions underscore the need for clearer guidance and stronger technical capacity at the municipal level.

Industry bodies are responding by tightening safety standards and promoting best‑practice guidance, such as the NFPA 855 code and the UK’s new emergency‑response protocol from the National Fire Chiefs Council. Harmonising planning regulations and establishing a unified BESS policy would streamline approvals, lower risk premiums, and reassure investors. As the grid leans more heavily on storage to accommodate offshore wind and solar expansion, removing these barriers will be pivotal for maintaining the UK’s momentum toward a resilient, low‑carbon energy system.

Planning barriers ‘threaten to stall momentum’ in UK battery storage market

By Andy Colthorpe · February 16, 2026

Kilmarnock South, a 300 MW/600 MWh BESS project in Scotland. Scotland’s Energy Consents Unit has yet to deny a standalone BESS application, Byrne wrote. Image: Zenobē

The UK just saw its biggest year of grid‑scale battery storage deployments, but planning barriers “threaten to stall momentum,” according to one expert.

Kevin Byrne, battery‑energy‑storage‑system (BESS) consultancy manager at Enertis Applus+, recently wrote that while the UK government now views energy storage as “essential infrastructure,” and the country has made substantial progress in deploying large‑scale batteries, many projects face delays or blocks, and inflated costs.

In an exclusive Guest Blog published last week at sister site Solar Power Portal, Byrne wrote that developers “find themselves trapped in a planning system defined by inconsistent regulation, scarce technical expertise and rising local opposition.”

According to our colleagues at Solar Media Market Research, the UK’s operational capacity grew by 45 % in 2025, with 4 GWh of new installations bringing the cumulative total to 12.9 GWh.

This was the highest gigawatt‑hour deployment total recorded so far and represented 30 % year‑on‑year growth from 2024. However, the growth rate fell from the 53 % recorded between 2023 and 2024.

There were fewer sites completed in 2025 than in the previous year, with a growing emphasis on large sites—more than 75 % of new capacity came from sites exceeding 50 MW, according to the Solar Media Market Research Battery Storage: UK Pipeline & Completed Assets Database.

Analyst Charlotte Gisbourne wrote for Energy‑Storage.news in January that the UK market has “yet to settle,” due to the turbulent nature of BESS revenue generation, particularly in the ancillary services market and changing government policy, though the market remains appealing to investors.

Meanwhile, Kevin Byrne at global consulting, engineering and quality‑control firm Enertis Applus+ wrote in his blog for Solar Power Portal that barriers within the planning and development cycle also need to be addressed.

Byrne highlighted three of the most significant challenges as being: gaps in technical knowledge of planning authorities, inconsistent planning frameworks across different regions and a “surge in public opposition rooted in safety concerns and misinformation.”

‘Generic’ planning policies and a need to step up fact‑based community engagement

Whereas local authorities such as town and county councils are becoming familiar with solar PV and wind project planning, for many, BESS developments are much newer to them. Local authorities are not helped by the absence of a unified and specific planning classification for BESS, Byrne said, leading to inconsistent decisions made by planners confronted with their first‑ever battery‑storage planning application.

This is creating inappropriate requirements on safety and noise limits, for example, often due to councils applying “generic planning policies,” Byrne wrote.

Battery storage is not explicitly included in the UK’s National Planning Policy Framework. Therefore, local authorities are adopting their own approaches, with Byrne citing an example where one council in southern England rejected a BESS application while a neighbouring council approved another just 600 metres from the first proposed site.

Land‑use concerns need to be dealt with, Byrne argued, as do inconsistent requirements for engagement with fire services, landscape screening for visual impact and buffer zones that have “created a complex mosaic of different requirements that developers must navigate on a case‑by‑case basis.”

Perhaps the biggest factor is local opposition to BESS development, which appears to most commonly centre on fire‑safety concerns.

To date, there have only been two thermal incidents at UK BESS projects added to the US Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) global BESS Failure Event Database, five years apart in 2020 and 2025. The industry’s safety record is also improving both in the UK and globally, the latter showing a fall from one incident per 0.15 GWh deployed in 2020 to one per 1.5 GWh of deployments as of 2024.

Byrne also noted that local opposition groups often mention incidents at overseas projects that the consultant said would not comply with UK safety standards.

Nonetheless, a “fear factor” persists, especially in rural communities and Byrne highlighted examples of projects that have been withdrawn by developers, delayed by multiple years or blocked entirely by local authorities despite having no objections from technical experts or bodies such as the Environment Agency.

Industry standards such as NFPA 855 and safety tests such as UL9540A continue to evolve and improve, and are increasingly adopted by major BESS suppliers internationally, while in the UK, the recent publication of BESS incident emergency‑response guidance from the National Fire Chiefs Council is a step forward in elevating “the importance of demonstrable safety performance, making compliance with recognised testing standards increasingly essential for gaining stakeholder confidence,” Byrne wrote.

“The UK has made substantial progress in deploying grid‑scale batteries, but planning barriers now threaten to stall momentum at precisely the moment storage is most needed,” the consultant wrote in the article’s conclusion.

“Eliminating the current patchwork of requirements, improving technical capacity within councils, and strengthening communication with communities will be essential to accelerating deployment.”

Read Kevin Byrne’s article for Solar Power Portal, Accelerating UK battery storage deployment through modern safety standards and smart planning.