Why Merit Pay Raises Are Causing Problems at Work

Knowledge at Wharton
Knowledge at WhartonJun 22, 2026

Why It Matters

Flat merit increases can erode real wages and hurt retention, so firms must redesign compensation to sustain engagement in an inflationary, competitive labor environment.

Key Takeaways

  • Peanut butter raises spread modest merit increases equally across staff
  • Flat raises risk real pay cuts when inflation exceeds increase
  • Differentiated pay may demotivate low performers but retain top talent
  • Soft labor market lets firms squeeze wages without immediate turnover
  • Bonuses could supplement modest raises to motivate high performers

Summary

The video explores the growing use of “peanut butter raises” – a flat, near‑equal distribution of modest merit‑pay budgets – and why firms are debating its fairness.

Capelli notes that with inflation running above typical 2‑3% raises, a uniform increase can leave many employees with a real‑pay cut, while a differentiated approach (e.g., 0% for some, 6% for others) risks demotivating the majority without substantially rewarding top performers.

He cites examples of executives fearing backlash if low‑performers receive zero raises, yet also warning that high‑achievers may jump ship if they feel undervalued. The discussion references recent job‑opening data suggesting a still‑soft labor market that gives employers leeway to “squeeze” wages.

The takeaway for managers is to balance equity and incentive, perhaps by supplementing modest base raises with performance bonuses, to retain talent and avoid morale erosion as inflation pressures persist.

Original Description

ABOUT THE EPISODE
Should top performers always receive bigger raises? Peter Cappelli, Wharton Management Professor, explores the growing debate over merit pay and the return of so-called “peanut butter raises,” where pay increases are distributed more evenly across employees. As companies face inflation, budget constraints, and shifting labor market conditions, leaders must balance rewarding high performers with maintaining fairness and morale across their workforce.
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#Management #Leadership #Compensation #Workplace #BusinessNews
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