Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)

Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)

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Independent newsletter and essays on AV safety, standards (UL 4600), and dependable autonomy.

What's the Deal with Level 2/2+ Safety?
NewsMay 17, 2026

What's the Deal with Level 2/2+ Safety?

Level 2 and emerging Level 2+/2++ vehicle automation rely on a human driver to supervise speed and steering functions. Safety hinges on the driver’s ability to intervene promptly, yet manufacturers often market these systems as more capable than they are, fostering driver...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
Self-Driving Cars and Old Computers
NewsMay 10, 2026

Self-Driving Cars and Old Computers

Older autonomous vehicles face a looming software‑support crisis as hardware ages beyond the capabilities needed for new safety updates. Manufacturers may shift from active development to maintenance‑only patches, offer costly mid‑life hardware upgrades, downgrade features, or declare end‑of‑life, potentially disabling...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
What's the Deal with Safety First for AVs?
NewsMay 3, 2026

What's the Deal with Safety First for AVs?

The autonomous‑vehicle sector has leaned heavily on the “Safety First” slogan, but critics argue it often masks inadequate safety performance. Recent essays and a podcast highlight how repeated safety promises, when unmet, erode public trust and invite stricter regulation. The...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
What's the Deal with Robotaxi Remote Assistants?
NewsApr 19, 2026

What's the Deal with Robotaxi Remote Assistants?

The piece examines the emerging role of remote assistants in robotaxi fleets, clarifying that they are not full‑time tele‑drivers but intervene on specific safety‑critical decisions such as school‑bus passes or traffic‑light verification. It outlines a detailed taxonomy that categorises six...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
NSTB Findings on Ford BlueCruise Crashes
NewsApr 12, 2026

NSTB Findings on Ford BlueCruise Crashes

The NTSB released findings on two fatal crashes involving 2022 Ford Mustang Mach‑E SUVs using the BlueCruise hands‑free system. In both incidents, drivers were distracted—one by navigation, the other by alcohol and a phone—and the vehicles failed to engage automatic...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
Sorting Out Remote Operators & Remote Assistants
NewsApr 4, 2026

Sorting Out Remote Operators & Remote Assistants

The piece argues that autonomous vehicle (AV) operations involve far more human roles than the traditional driver versus non‑driver dichotomy. Remote Assistants, Drivers, Operators, and Deciders each carry distinct safety responsibilities, contradicting industry claims that only the AI bears liability....

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
A Simple Rule for Level 2++ Safety Accountability
NewsApr 1, 2026

A Simple Rule for Level 2++ Safety Accountability

The U.S. regulatory gap lets automakers market Level 2+ (or Level 2++) driver‑assistance systems without dedicated safety oversight, despite their robotaxi‑like capabilities. A proposed liability rule would presume any crash caused by non‑malicious driver inattention to be a product defect, shifting the...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
We're Talking About Remote Assistants
NewsMar 30, 2026

We're Talking About Remote Assistants

The Center for Auto Safety podcast argues that the AVSC’s definition of autonomous‑vehicle remote assistants (RAs) incorrectly claims they have no safety role, a premise the industry uses to downplay liability. In reality, RAs intervene in safety‑critical moments, making driving...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
Business Insider Video On Self-Driving Cars
NewsMar 28, 2026

Business Insider Video On Self-Driving Cars

Business Insider released a 40‑minute video that surveys the current state of autonomous vehicles, covering practical applications, recent progress, safety concerns, and the gap between hype and reality. The program emphasizes that fully self‑driving Level 5 cars remain elusive, despite advances...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
Watch Our Cambridge Forum Webinar on Robotaxis in Cities
NewsMar 21, 2026

Watch Our Cambridge Forum Webinar on Robotaxis in Cities

The Cambridge Forum hosted a webinar on robotaxis, featuring Arthur Kay and moderator Stephen Guerriero. The discussion targeted urban planners and policy makers, exploring how autonomous vehicles operate, machine‑learning safety challenges, and cybersecurity risks. Speakers examined “safe enough” thresholds, profit‑driven...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
Laundering Accountability with Embodied AI
NewsFeb 28, 2026

Laundering Accountability with Embodied AI

The article warns that autonomous‑vehicle firms are rebranding human remote operators as "assistants" to dodge legal responsibility. By labeling these operators as non‑drivers, companies aim to shift liability from tort negligence to product‑defect claims, even when human error directly causes...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)
A Suddenly Unavoidable Podcast
NewsFeb 14, 2026

A Suddenly Unavoidable Podcast

The episode examines recent Waymo incidents, including a school‑child collision and repeated passes of stopped school buses, to illustrate how “unavoidable” crashes are often a product of flawed risk models rather than true inevitability. It reviews The Autonomous’s safety‑architecture report...

By Phil Koopman — Autonomous System Safety (Substack)