Popular study habits like cramming, rereading, and highlighting often produce fleeting gains, according to cognitive research. Psychologists Elizabeth and Robert Bjork emphasize retrieval practice, spaced repetition, and interleaving as superior techniques for durable learning. A 2006 study of surgical residents showed that deliberate forgetting can actually strengthen memory by forcing the brain to work harder during recall. Applying these evidence‑based methods transforms studying from a stressful grind into an efficient, performance‑driving process.
Recent studies show a reversal of the historic Flynn Effect, with average IQ scores slipping in the United States, United Kingdom and several Nordic countries. Researchers attribute the decline to factors such as digital media consumption, AI‑driven cognitive offloading, and...
University of Tilburg associate professor Mirela Habibovic introduces the “stress spectrum” in a concise video, explaining how stress ranges from low to high levels. She argues that short‑term spikes in stress can sharpen focus, boost motivation, and enhance performance, while...