What Is Sciatica? | NHS

Why It Matters

Early identification and appropriate self‑management of sciatica can prevent chronic disability, lower healthcare costs, and ensure prompt treatment of rare but serious spinal emergencies.

Key Takeaways

• Sciatica arises from irritation of lower‑back nerves extending to legs.
• Common causes include disc herniation, joint irritation, and injuries.
• Exercise, heat/ice, and short rest help alleviate symptoms.
• Most recover in 6‑8 weeks; seek care if pain persists.
• Emergency signs: bilateral weakness, genital numbness, or urinary issues.

Summary

Komal, an advanced spinal physiotherapist, explains that sciatica is a painful condition caused by irritation of the sciatic nerves that run from the lower back down each leg. The video outlines the typical symptom profile—leg and lower‑back pain, numbness, tingling, and functional limitations such as difficulty standing, sitting, or walking.

The most frequent physical trigger is a herniated disc pressing on nerve roots, though joint or ligament irritation and acute back injuries can also provoke symptoms. Lifestyle factors like poor sleep, anxiety, depression, and sedentary habits may exacerbate the pain, while movement and gentle exercise are highlighted as primary therapeutic tools.

Komal recommends short periods of rest, applying heat or ice, and consulting a healthcare professional for medication or physiotherapy. Most patients improve within six to eight weeks with conservative treatment; persistent or worsening pain warrants further assessment, possibly involving multidisciplinary teams or talking therapies.

Recognizing red‑flag signs—bilateral weakness, genital numbness, or urinary dysfunction—is critical, as they may indicate a serious underlying condition requiring emergency care. Understanding sciatica’s causes and management empowers patients to seek timely help, reduces unnecessary A&E visits, and supports more efficient use of NHS resources.

Original Description

Sciatica is a common painful condition that can happen when nerves from your lower back become irritated. A sciatic nerve run from your lower back down each leg to your feet. Sciatica symptoms can include leg pain, lower back pain, numbness, tingling like pins and needles, and other unusual feelings in your leg.

In this video, Komal Bhuchhada, an advanced spinal physiotherapist from Hampshire and Isle of Wight NHS Foundation Trust explains sciatica symptoms, what causes sciatica, and how to treat and get pain relief for sciatica.

For more information about sciatica, visit: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sciatica/

Special thanks to @hampshireandiowhnhsft and Dr Colette Ridehalgh, Chris Mercer, and Dr Tim Noblet from The Musculoskeletal Association of Chartered Physiotherapists (MACP) @themacp6515 for their support on this video.

00:00 - 00:18 What is sciatica?

00:19 - 00:39 Sciatica symptoms

00:40 - 01:15 Causes of sciatica

01:16 - 02:00 Treatment for sciatica

02:01 - 02:32 When to go to A&E or call 999

02:33 - 02:49 Where to get more information on sciatica