Mark Z. Jacobson

Mark Z. Jacobson

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Stanford professor of civil & environmental engineering; researches air pollution, climate, and 100% clean/renewable energy systems, posts on grids and storage.

California's WWS Hits Record 163% Demand, Solar 140%
SocialMay 25, 2026

California's WWS Hits Record 163% Demand, Solar 140%

WindWaterSolar breaks two more records in CA: WWS meets highest percent of demand ever (163.07%) and solar alone meets highest percent of demand ever (140.56%) on Sun May 24. Gas down 61%, batteries up 329%, and solar up 58% in '26 v...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
EVs to Reach Half of Global Fleet by 2035
SocialMay 20, 2026

EVs to Reach Half of Global Fleet by 2035

EVs marching to eliminate ICEs and oil for cars 28% (23 mil) of all cars sold worldwide in 2026 will be electric. This is an increase from 25% (20 mil) in 2025. By 2035, ~510 million EVs will be on the road, about...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
First Fully Electric Cruise Ship Set for 2031 Launch
SocialMay 19, 2026

First Fully Electric Cruise Ship Set for 2031 Launch

World’s first 100% battery-electric cruise ship (1,865 passengers, 275 meters, 82,000 tonnes) to operate by 2031. @meyerwerft https://t.co/WTSUDhF14C

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Power 86% of California Demand, Gas Hits Record Low
SocialMay 17, 2026

Renewables Power 86% of California Demand, Gas Hits Record Low

Even if you are tired of seeing these plots, you want to see this. WindWaterSolar breaks two more records on May 16, supplying 80.75% of 24-hour demand and >100% of demand for 10.25 hours on the @CaliforniaISO grid Fossil gas also drops...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Electric Cars Save Thousands and Cut Pollution
SocialMay 15, 2026

Electric Cars Save Thousands and Cut Pollution

What can you do if you are tired of wasting money on gasoline? Did you know that every 30 miles of driving a gasoline car, you spend three to five dollars more than driving the same 30 miles in an electric...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Enhanced Geothermal Potential Spans Most U.S. States
SocialMay 14, 2026

Enhanced Geothermal Potential Spans Most U.S. States

Here's a map of where enhanced geothermal could be built in the U.S. Most states have potential. https://t.co/s3j25eBdeu

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Alone Can End Energy Crises, No Miracles
SocialMay 12, 2026

Renewables Alone Can End Energy Crises, No Miracles

The world is suffering from high and rising fuel prices, wars over fossil-fuels and nuclear weapons proliferation, millions of air pollution deaths per year, and global warming. These problems are all related to our current energy infrastructure, which relies primarily...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Electric Cars Save up to $37,500 over 15 Years
SocialMay 12, 2026

Electric Cars Save up to $37,500 over 15 Years

Every 30 miles you drive a gasoline car, you spend $3-5 more than driving the same 30 miles with an electric car. That adds up to $22,500-$37,500 higher fuel cost for the gasoline car driving 15,000 miles per year for...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
US Wind Growth Steadies as China Soars 23%
SocialMay 11, 2026

US Wind Growth Steadies as China Soars 23%

The good news so far about wind, despite U.S. federal efforts to squash it, is that the wind installation growth rate from 2024 to 2025 (4.0%) was slightly higher than from 2023 to 2024 (3.5%) and only slightly lower than...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
California's Renewables Surpass Fossil Fuels, Meet 100% Demand
SocialMay 11, 2026

California's Renewables Surpass Fossil Fuels, Meet 100% Demand

WindWaterSolar steamrolling fossil fuels in California. 40 straight days and 106 of 130 (81.5%) in 2026 with WWS meeting >100% of demand for an average of 4.5 h/day among all 130 days. Fossil gas down 61.1%, batteries up 328%, solar up 61%,...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
China's EV Exports Outpace Gasoline for First Time
SocialMay 11, 2026

China's EV Exports Outpace Gasoline for First Time

China shipped more electric than gasoline cars worldwide for the first time ever in April 52.7% of 769,000 cars exported were EVs, doubling EV exports from last April. More EVs because they save consumers $20,000-$40,000 in fuel costs if driving 15 y/15,000...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Pentagon Delays Stall Wind Projects, Urging Fossil Phase‑out
SocialMay 10, 2026

Pentagon Delays Stall Wind Projects, Urging Fossil Phase‑out

The next administration should learn from this and similar tactic to phase out then eliminate entirely the coal, oil, and gas industries for energy, which are no longer needed and responsible for killing millions every year from air pollution. More Than...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Amsterdam Bans Meat and Fossil‑fuel Ads, a Global First
SocialMay 10, 2026

Amsterdam Bans Meat and Fossil‑fuel Ads, a Global First

Amsterdam is the world's first capital city to ban public advertisements for both meat and fossil fuel products. Since 1 May, adverts for burgers, petrol cars and airlines have been stripped from billboards, tram shelters, and metro stations. https://t.co/uyJF2bP1Ay

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Oil Shock Signals End of Fossil Fuel Era
SocialMay 10, 2026

Oil Shock Signals End of Fossil Fuel Era

Head of International Energy Agency: Fossil fuel era won't recover after global oil shock: -Countries increasingly turning to electrification and renewables -Long-held assumptions about the reliability of fossil fuels shattered -Confidence underpinning global oil and gas markets weakened -Fragility of fossil markets exposed -Expanding fossil...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Black Lung Rates Rise as Trump Stalls Protections
SocialMay 10, 2026

Black Lung Rates Rise as Trump Stalls Protections

Death and destruction follows the current U.S. push for fossil fuels. Black lung surges in coal country as Trump slow-walks protections https://t.co/2EdKMSnGCC @MotherJones

By Mark Z. Jacobson
World Wind Capacity Jumps 14% as Brazil Climbs to 5th
SocialMay 7, 2026

World Wind Capacity Jumps 14% as Brazil Climbs to 5th

Great race Brazil passed Spain and the UK in 2025 to boast the 5th-highest onshore+offshore wind nameplate capacity worldwide. Plus, the UK now has more offshore than onshore capacity. World wind capacity grew 14% in one year. 1. China 640.6 GW (593.2 onshore/47.4 offshore) 2....

By Mark Z. Jacobson
South Korea Bids $3.5B for Offshore Wind, Boosting Energy Independence
SocialMay 7, 2026

South Korea Bids $3.5B for Offshore Wind, Boosting Energy Independence

Another country fostering energy independence and benefits to their economy. South Korea advances $3.5B offshore wind project bid https://t.co/CdkIyTOC1y

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Cut Driving Costs Fourfold, Ending Gas Price Spike
SocialMay 5, 2026

Renewables Cut Driving Costs Fourfold, Ending Gas Price Spike

High gas prices are simply a result of the energy insecurity brought about by fossil fuels, which are limited resources that must be drilled for daily. Eliminate this insecurity and lower the cost of driving your car by a factor of...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Expanding Small Modular Reactors Risks Global Nuclear Weapon Spread
SocialMay 5, 2026

Expanding Small Modular Reactors Risks Global Nuclear Weapon Spread

Yes, but so long as you keep pushing nuclear electricity (especially small modular reactors), you will eventually have nuclear weapons in another country because nuclear electricity and weapons go hand in hand.

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Geothermal Power: Mars' Viable Renewable Energy Option
SocialMay 5, 2026

Geothermal Power: Mars' Viable Renewable Energy Option

Can clean, renewable energy sources be used on Mars? Mars is a cold, barren planet far from the sun, and with little atmosphere and no flowing water. If people were to live there, could they obtain their energy from clean, renewable...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
California Grid Hits Record Renewable Surplus, Wind Peaks
SocialMay 4, 2026

California Grid Hits Record Renewable Surplus, Wind Peaks

Two more records set on the @CaliforniaISO grid on Mon, May 3, 2026: Minimum net load -7.871 GW at 1:20 PM Maximum wind output 7.707 GW at 12:45 AM (Tues morn) due to wind from SunZia project, which is part of the...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Beat DAC: Cheaper, Cleaner, Less Pollution
SocialMay 4, 2026

Renewables Beat DAC: Cheaper, Cleaner, Less Pollution

Yet another paper finding that Direct Air Capture is an opportunity cost that increases air pollution and climate damage relative to spending the same money on clean, renewable energy. https://t.co/Bz7EKLFqXf Some other papers: https://t.co/hWmyI1wXjo https://t.co/hWmyI1wXjo Preventing 1 tonne of CO2 from getting in the air...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Consistent Power Mix Cuts Gas, Boosts Renewables
SocialMay 3, 2026

Consistent Power Mix Cuts Gas, Boosts Renewables

Consistency 98 days (80.3%) so far in 2026 & 32 straight with WWS meeting >100% of demand on the world's 4th-largest economy's main grid for part of the day Fossil gas down 61%, batteries up 325%, solar up 61% in '26 v...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Myth‑Busting Videos Reveal Path to 100% Renewable Future
SocialMay 1, 2026

Myth‑Busting Videos Reveal Path to 100% Renewable Future

30 myth-busting short videos about transitioning to 100% renewables and the electrification of everything - from mining to land use to electricity prices to grid reliability - in the middle of this link https://t.co/irGIq6qRxE

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Global 100% Renewable Roadmaps Cut Costs and Save Lives
SocialApr 27, 2026

Global 100% Renewable Roadmaps Cut Costs and Save Lives

Infographic map linking roadmaps for transitioning 150 countries to 100% WindWaterSolar for all energy purposes while reducing annual energy costs, social costs, energy use, and mortalities and morbidities. https://t.co/8j5oVvZeUu Here's the paper: https://t.co/yt6XQ531Fu

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Hormuz Crisis Accelerates Global Shift to Renewable Self‑Power
SocialApr 26, 2026

Hormuz Crisis Accelerates Global Shift to Renewable Self‑Power

Iran war, Strait of Hormuz closure forces embrace of renewable energy @RollingStone @thor_benson "The fact that countries must import fossil fuels from faraway regions subjects them to uncertainties. It is obvious that many countries want to reduce this reliance. The...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Electric Ferry Cuts Energy Use 88% With Zero Emissions
SocialApr 25, 2026

Electric Ferry Cuts Energy Use 88% With Zero Emissions

Battery-electric ferry reduced energy use 88% versus a diesel ferry during 16 months of operation in Norway, carrying 41,000 passengers per day back and forth over a river. Plus, 0 tailpipe or grid emissions from the BE ferry since Norway's...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Dominate Future Grids; Nuclear's Role Marginal
SocialApr 25, 2026

Renewables Dominate Future Grids; Nuclear's Role Marginal

New paper: "Perspectives on nuclear power" Systems with renewable energy, storage, and demand response dominate least-cost future energy system options under realistic conditions. New nuclear contributes only marginally. Past studies of nuclear exaggerated its role by using unrealistically low overnight capital...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Dominate CAISO, Gas Share Drops 60%
SocialApr 24, 2026

Renewables Dominate CAISO, Gas Share Drops 60%

To date in 2026, fossil gas has met only 16.7% of demand on the CAISO grid, versus 41.6% in 2023. -->Gas is down 60% since 2023. In 2026, WindWaterSolar has met 51.5% of demand, three times that of gas 23 straight...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Inspiring Students Toward 100% Renewable Energy Future
SocialApr 23, 2026

Inspiring Students Toward 100% Renewable Energy Future

Delighted to speak to the 800 students at the Harker School high school on Earth Day about moving the world to 100% renewable energy. Thanks to Diana Moss for the invite. @harkerschool

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Lithium Shortage Threatens 100% Renewable Energy Goal
SocialApr 21, 2026

Lithium Shortage Threatens 100% Renewable Energy Goal

Does the world have enough lithium to power all the electric vehicles and stationary batteries needed to transition the world to 100% clean, renewable energy and storage for everything? More info https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-lithium.pdf https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/WWSStillNMN/StillNMN.html Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKBTnj1nTWo

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Pennsylvania Turns Abandoned Wells Into Renewable Geothermal Power
SocialApr 18, 2026

Pennsylvania Turns Abandoned Wells Into Renewable Geothermal Power

Pennsylvania has up to 750,000 of inactive oil and gas wells. Now the state will use some of those wells to build a clean, renewable electricity source, enhanced geothermal. https://t.co/SGBLc8g4ck More on EGS https://t.co/yt6XQ52tPW

By Mark Z. Jacobson
New Mexico Wind Project Powers California, Boosting 100% Renewable Goal
SocialApr 18, 2026

New Mexico Wind Project Powers California, Boosting 100% Renewable Goal

Largest renewable project in U.S. history - 3.5 GW of wind in New Mexico - begins delivering power to California and Arizona. @CaliforniaISO has taken operational control - will count as in-state wind Will speed up California's push for 100% WindWaterSolar https://www.eenews.net/articles/largest-us-renewable-project-begins-generating-electricity/

By Mark Z. Jacobson
U.S. Set to Reach 6 GW Offshore Wind by 2027
SocialApr 16, 2026

U.S. Set to Reach 6 GW Offshore Wind by 2027

Despite Trump, the U.S. will have 6 GW of offshore wind operating by 2027 All 5 developers have won court victories to complete their projects. 72% (4.3 GW) of the 6 GW are already installed or operational https://www.offshorewindca.org/maps

By Mark Z. Jacobson
U.S. Grid‑Battery Output to Power All Renewables by 2026
SocialApr 16, 2026

U.S. Grid‑Battery Output to Power All Renewables by 2026

U.S. grid-battery production has gone from 0 in 2024 to 145 GWh/year by the end of 2026, enough to provide batteries to support all wind and solar in the U.S. https://t.co/faeAUzMjZ8

By Mark Z. Jacobson
CAISO’s Rapid Battery, Solar, Wind Build‑out Drives 100% Renewable Grid
SocialApr 16, 2026

CAISO’s Rapid Battery, Solar, Wind Build‑out Drives 100% Renewable Grid

In the one year between April 8, 2025 and April 9, 2026, @CaliforniaISO installed 4.656 GW batteries 1.534 GW solar 0.308 GW wind bringing grid totals to 16.04 GW/64.16 GWh batteries, 22.577 GW solar 8.681 GW wind The CAISO queue is 17.1 GW batteries 19 GW solar 0.8 GW...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
New Lithium Finds Slash Battery Costs, Accelerate 100% Renewable Shift
SocialApr 14, 2026

New Lithium Finds Slash Battery Costs, Accelerate 100% Renewable Shift

With the discovery of 30% more world lithium resources in one year, battery-electric vehicle and stationary battery storage prices should continue to drop rapidly, facilitating world electrification and the inevitable transition to 100% WindWaterSolar across all energy sectors.

By Mark Z. Jacobson
World Lithium Reserves Surge, Fueling Full EV Transition
SocialApr 14, 2026

World Lithium Reserves Surge, Fueling Full EV Transition

New data: no shortage of lithium in the world for a 100% WWS transition. @USGS says known world lithium resources increased by 30% in one year, from 115.1 in 2024 to 150 million tons in 2025. That is enough for 19 billion...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Renewables Cut Fossil Energy Use by Over Half
SocialApr 11, 2026

Renewables Cut Fossil Energy Use by Over Half

The use of primary energy on the vertical axis is an old trick by the fossil fuel industry to mislead people into thinking that one unit of fossils = one unit of renewables. In fact, one unit of primary energy...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Nuclear Power Advocates Fuel Proliferation, Not Solutions
SocialApr 11, 2026

Nuclear Power Advocates Fuel Proliferation, Not Solutions

In this 2010 TED talk, I highlighted the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation due to the spread of nuclear energy https://www.ted.com/talks/stewart_brand_mark_z_jacobson_debate_does_the_world_need_nuclear_energy The response was denial, obfuscation, and attacks. Yet, the cause of the war with Iran today is to prevent them from obtaining...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Fossil Firms Favor GWP100 to Dodge Real Climate Action
SocialApr 11, 2026

Fossil Firms Favor GWP100 to Dodge Real Climate Action

Fossil companies support GWP100 over GWP20 because GWP100 allows them to do nothing about air pollution or global warming-to continue spewing BC, CH4 & O3 precursors & proposing fake solutions to CO2 (carbon capture, direct air capture, blue H2, electro...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Strong Climate Champions Crucial for Clean Energy Policy
SocialApr 9, 2026

Strong Climate Champions Crucial for Clean Energy Policy

Bill McKibben highlights the need for strong climate and renewable energy champions in this terrific article on the CA and NY governors races and how GWP20 v GWP100 plays into it Clean energy needs actual champions https://substack.com/redirect/a647db33-72bf-4a23-aafb-bbbb61eef92b

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Wind‑Water‑Solar Combo Powers Record Demand, Cuts Gas
SocialApr 9, 2026

Wind‑Water‑Solar Combo Powers Record Demand, Cuts Gas

This is why we use a combo of WindWaterSolar Wind breaks new CAISO output record - when it is needed - at night - at 10:40 PM on 4/8: 6.699 GW Ignoring batteries, WWS also met the highest % of 24-h demand...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
GWP20: Faster Climate Action for Methane Benefits Health
SocialApr 7, 2026

GWP20: Faster Climate Action for Methane Benefits Health

GWP20 for methane greenhouse-gas accounting is good policy in NY State & beyond, as Prof. Bob Howarth and I explain in a response (https://t.co/86Dm2bq6zw) to a recent claim that GWP100 should be used instead Both California and New York...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Electrify Canada: $182 B Annual Savings, 61% Demand Cut
SocialApr 7, 2026

Electrify Canada: $182 B Annual Savings, 61% Demand Cut

No, Canada will save $182 billion/year in private energy costs by eliminating the use of fossil fuels for energy, electrifying all energy, and providing the electricity with WindWaterSolar alone (this will also reduce energy needs 61%) https://t.co/hsOANrg3KG Here are the data https://t.co/79QTBYtPSu https://t.co/c3RjxqKhcO @AaronGunn

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Electrify Canada: 61% Energy Cut, Zero Fossil, Nuclear
SocialApr 6, 2026

Electrify Canada: 61% Energy Cut, Zero Fossil, Nuclear

Can Canada eliminate fossil fuels and nuclear for all energy? Although Canada currently provides 63% of its electricity from wind-water-solar sources, electricity comprises only 21% of Canada’s total energy, so wind-water-solar provides only 13% of Canada’s total energy. However, if we...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Four-Hour Batteries Deliver 14-Hour Storage at 0.28¢/kWh
SocialApr 5, 2026

Four-Hour Batteries Deliver 14-Hour Storage at 0.28¢/kWh

These data illustrate how concatenating 4-hour batteries, provides longer-term (in this case, 14 hours) of storage. In other words, 4-h batteries already provide long-duration storage, and the batteries are inexpensive (0.28 cents/kWh-grid-output for 15.8 GW/63.2 GWh of batteries)

By Mark Z. Jacobson
Batteries Delivered 8% of California Grid, Costing 0.28¢/kWh
SocialApr 5, 2026

Batteries Delivered 8% of California Grid, Costing 0.28¢/kWh

Yes, the sun does't shine at night, but batteries produced electricity every minute last night (4/4) as California set a new discharge record of 57.17 GWh/day. Batteries have met 8.01% of all main-grid demand in 2026 in the 4th-largest economy in...

By Mark Z. Jacobson
South Korea Unveils Aggressive Renewable Energy Transition Plan
SocialApr 5, 2026

South Korea Unveils Aggressive Renewable Energy Transition Plan

And here's the plan for South Korea to "swiftly transition to renewable energy" https://t.co/AapcezbDSL https://t.co/yt6XQ531Fu

By Mark Z. Jacobson