10 Years of Brexit: What's the Cost and What's Next?

Bloomberg Television
Bloomberg TelevisionJun 9, 2026

Why It Matters

Understanding Brexit’s quantified cost and the limited scope of possible re‑engagement helps firms and investors gauge long‑term growth prospects and policy risk in the UK market.

Key Takeaways

  • Brexit likely reduced UK GDP by 2‑4% over decade.
  • Models exclude US stimulus and volatile Irish data to isolate impact.
  • Re‑joining EU could halve loss, but labor‑mobility red line remains.
  • Negotiating closer ties would resemble Swiss‑EU arrangement, requiring concessions.
  • Political uncertainty, 2029 election, may stall any deeper EU integration.

Summary

The video marks a decade since the UK’s 2016 EU referendum, focusing on Bloomberg Economics chief Dan Hanson’s estimate that Brexit has cost the British economy between 2 % and 4 % of GDP. He also explores whether tighter ties with Europe could recoup part of that loss.

Hanson explains the methodology: constructing a counterfactual scenario where the UK remained in the EU, then stripping out distortions from the United States’ massive fiscal stimulus and Ireland’s volatile growth figures. After these adjustments, the model converges on the 2‑4 % range, implying roughly one percentage‑point slower annual growth over ten years.

He notes that a “Swiss‑style” relationship—deep market access without full EU membership—could halve the economic penalty, but the UK’s political red line on free movement of labour makes such a deal difficult. Hanson warns that any renegotiation would be lengthy and contingent on a shifting political landscape, including a 2029 election where anti‑EU sentiment is rising.

For businesses, the analysis underscores that Brexit’s macro‑economic drag remains significant and that partial reintegration may offer modest gains, yet political constraints could limit practical outcomes. Investors and policymakers must weigh the trade‑off between economic recovery and sovereignty demands as the UK approaches its next electoral crossroads.

Original Description

Ten years after Brexit, analysis published by Bloomberg on Tuesday shows that the UK’s vote to leave the European Union may have already cost the British economy between 2% and 4% of gross domestic product. Dan Hanson of Bloomberg Economics explains.
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