Who Is Winning the America-China Trade War? | The Economist

The Economist
The EconomistMay 10, 2026

Why It Matters

China’s grip on critical minerals reshapes the trade war, forcing U.S. firms to rethink supply chains and policymakers to adjust leverage strategies.

Key Takeaways

  • Trade war has settled into a stalemate, not a truce.
  • China leverages rare‑earth export controls to gain strategic advantage.
  • U.S. relies on tariffs and sanctions, but faces symmetric retaliation.
  • Beijing instructs firms to defy American sanctions on Iranian refiners.
  • China’s dominance in critical minerals tilts balance in its favor.

Summary

The Economist video argues the U.S.-China trade conflict has moved from a tentative truce to a stalemate, with each side aware of mutual dependencies.

China’s aggressive rare‑earth export controls give it leverage over high‑tech supply chains, while the United States counters with tariffs, financial sanctions, and technology bans. Rare‑earths are essential for smartphones, drones, and F‑35 engines, underscoring their strategic weight.

A striking example cited is Beijing’s directive to firms to ignore U.S. sanctions on refiners dealing with Iran, illustrating China’s willingness to push back against American pressure. The commentator also references Xi’s 2020 call to identify “asymmetric dependencies” that favor China.

The imbalance suggests China may extract more concessions in any future negotiations, pressuring U.S. policymakers to diversify supply chains and reconsider the efficacy of sanctions as a bargaining chip.

Original Description

Trade will be high on the agenda when Donald Trump and Xi Jinping meet in Beijing next week. The world’s superpowers have been locked in an on-again, off-again trade war for nearly a decade. The Economist’s top economics editors assess who has the stronger hand going into the summit.
#china #trump #usa #internationalnews #unitedstates #economy
Watch the full show: https://econ.st/4tt0oIf
Sign up to the Insider newsletter: https://econ.st/4nOyzIb
Subscribe to The Economist: https://www.economist.com/subscribe
Follow The Economist on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theeconomist/
Follow The Economist on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheEconomist
Follow The Economist on X: https://x.com/TheEconomist

Comments

Want to join the conversation?

Loading comments...