Is LTV Flawed with Multi-Year Contracts? | SaaS Metrics School | SaaS LTV

Ben Murray
Ben MurrayApr 13, 2026

Why It Matters

Accurate LTV under multi‑year contracts prevents inflated valuations and equips SaaS firms for smoother due‑diligence and strategic planning.

Key Takeaways

  • LTV uses point‑in‑time subscription margin divided by churn
  • Multi‑year contracts can inflate aggregate revenue retention metrics
  • Compare renewal rate, cohort retention, and aggregate retention for accuracy
  • Use cohort GRR when it stabilizes to estimate true LTV
  • Align retention metrics before due diligence to avoid valuation surprises

Summary

In a recent SaaS Metrics School episode, Ben Murray tackles whether the standard LTV calculation misrepresents value when a SaaS firm relies heavily on multi‑year contracts. He explains the conventional LTV formula—subscription ARR multiplied by subscription‑margin, divided by one minus gross‑revenue‑retention (GRR)—and why it is a point‑in‑time metric.

Murray warns that multi‑year deals can artificially boost aggregate revenue retention, because customers are locked in and cannot churn until renewal. He recommends triangulating three retention lenses—aggregate GRR, renewal rate, and cohort‑based GRR—to detect such distortions. By tracking cohort GRR until it flattens (typically after 12‑24 months), firms can select a stable retention figure for LTV.

“Think about your triangle of retention,” Murray says, urging operators to compare the latest renewal‑rate proxy against cohort and aggregate numbers. He cites due‑diligence scenarios where investors question inflated retention, and suggests that a consistent cohort GRR provides a more reliable LTV input than a single aggregate figure.

Aligning retention metrics before fundraising or acquisition reduces valuation risk and improves internal forecasting. Companies that adopt a cohort‑focused LTV approach can present clearer growth narratives, negotiate better terms, and avoid surprises when contracts roll over.

Original Description

Is the LTV formula flawed when you introduce multi-year contracts into your SaaS pricing model? In this episode of SaaS Metrics School, Ben Murray, The SaaS CFO, tackles a powerful and nuanced question from the community—one that often comes up during investor due diligence and advanced SaaS financial analysis.
Lifetime Value (LTV) is one of the most widely used SaaS metrics, but it’s also one of the most misunderstood—especially when contract structures start to evolve. If your company offers multi-year contracts, you may be unintentionally distorting your retention metrics and, in turn, your LTV calculations. That can lead to misleading signals for both operators and investors.
In this session, Ben breaks down how LTV is typically calculated using a point-in-time approach. This includes taking subscription ARR, adjusting for subscription gross margin, and dividing by churn—specifically using one minus Gross Revenue Retention (GRR). While this formula is widely accepted, the real question is whether it still holds up when customers are locked into longer-term agreements.
Multi-year contracts can create the illusion of strong retention because customers are contractually committed, even if their underlying engagement or satisfaction may not reflect that. This becomes especially relevant in due diligence, where investors may question whether your retention metrics are artificially inflated. If you’ve recently signed a large number of multi-year deals, your aggregate revenue retention may look impressive—but is it truly representative?
That’s where a deeper understanding of retention metrics comes into play. Ben introduces the concept of the “triangle of retention,” a framework that includes aggregate revenue retention, renewal rate, and cohort retention. Each of these provides a different lens into customer behavior and long-term value creation.
Aggregate revenue retention gives you a broad, historical view of how revenue is retained across your entire customer base. Renewal rate, on the other hand, focuses on customers who are up for renewal in a given period—offering a more immediate and actionable signal. Cohort retention allows you to track specific groups of customers over time, helping you identify patterns and determine when retention stabilizes.
One of the key insights from this episode is the importance of identifying that stabilization point within your cohorts. Whether it’s 6, 12, 18, or 24 months, understanding when customers “stick” can dramatically improve the accuracy of your LTV calculations. By comparing cohort-based GRR at that stabilization point with your aggregate GRR and renewal rates, you can validate whether your current LTV assumptions are truly reflective of your business.
This is where advanced SaaS metrics become incredibly powerful. Instead of relying on a single metric, you begin to triangulate insights across multiple data points. This not only strengthens your internal decision-making but also prepares you for investor scrutiny and due diligence processes.
Ben also emphasizes the importance of using consistent units in your calculations—favoring dollar-based churn over customer churn when calculating LTV. This ensures alignment between your numerator and denominator, leading to more accurate and meaningful results.
Ultimately, LTV is not necessarily flawed—but it can be misleading if not contextualized properly. Multi-year contracts don’t break the formula, but they do require a more thoughtful approach to retention analysis. By leveraging the triangle of retention and understanding the nuances of your customer base, you can build a more reliable and defensible LTV model.
If you’re a SaaS founder, operator, or finance leader looking to level up your metrics and better understand the drivers of valuation, this episode is packed with actionable insights. From retention frameworks to due diligence readiness, you’ll walk away with a clearer perspective on how to measure and communicate the true value of your business.
Tune in and take your SaaS metrics knowledge to the next level.
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