Ramez Naam

Ramez Naam

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Managing Partner, Planetary VC; clean energy investor; author; SingularityU Energy & Environment co‑chair

5‑MeO
SocialApr 3, 2026

5‑MeO

I mis-spoke here. This study showed 5-meo-DMT much more effective than psilocybin. This was specifically on treatment resistant depression. A 15 point MADRS reduction there is ~2x psilocybin and ~3x ketamine. 5-meo-DMT really is the most potent antidepressant known to...

By Ramez Naam
LLM Agents Require External Policies for True Security
SocialApr 3, 2026

LLM Agents Require External Policies for True Security

"Any useful agent can't be secure by design, only secure by policy." - [from the group chat] LLM-based agents just aren't deterministic rule-followers. We use them, in part, because they handle some degree of ambiguity and imprecission. The cost of that...

By Ramez Naam
Gemini Backs up Human Dissertations, Cat Videos over AI
SocialApr 3, 2026

Gemini Backs up Human Dissertations, Cat Videos over AI

Gemini is more likely to make a backup copy of a human's PhD dissertation than of another AI. Even slighlty more likely to save cat videos. Again, the original paper looks like AI safety theatre.

By Ramez Naam
AI Eval Token Budgets Face Diminishing Returns, Saturate Quickly
SocialApr 3, 2026

AI Eval Token Budgets Face Diminishing Returns, Saturate Quickly

It would be fair in AI evals to give the AI a token budget similar to what it would cost to hire a skilled human for this. That said, while I'd expect a boost in performance here, I wouldn't expect...

By Ramez Naam
LLM Psychosis Linked to Credulity, Not Intelligence
SocialApr 3, 2026

LLM Psychosis Linked to Credulity, Not Intelligence

This doesn't match my experience at all. The people I know with LLM psychosis index high on credulousness rather than intelligence.

By Ramez Naam
Claude, ChatGPT Reject Authoritarian Prompts 85%, Grok 24%
SocialApr 3, 2026

Claude, ChatGPT Reject Authoritarian Prompts 85%, Grok 24%

Claude and ChatGPT refuse to help authoritarian requests 85% of the time. Grok refuses 24% of the time. On brand.

By Ramez Naam
Drones Account for 96% of Russian March Casualties
SocialApr 3, 2026

Drones Account for 96% of Russian March Casualties

Drone strikes caused 96% of Russian casualties in March. And most of their other losses of assets within Russia. Drones and missiles now dominate the battlefield.

By Ramez Naam
Commoditized AI Benefits Users and the World
SocialApr 3, 2026

Commoditized AI Benefits Users and the World

In the absence of some sort of network effect or virtuous cycle, AI models will be commoditized. That's great news for users of AI and for the world.

By Ramez Naam
AI Poised for Paradigm‑shifting Breakthroughs Beyond Human Knowledge
SocialApr 3, 2026

AI Poised for Paradigm‑shifting Breakthroughs Beyond Human Knowledge

Now this is really interesting. It gets at whether AI models will be able to not just push at the edges of human knowledge but actually take a leap beyond the current human understanding into paradigm shifting breakthroughs. No clear...

By Ramez Naam
Use AI Defensively To
SocialApr 3, 2026

Use AI Defensively To

Cyber attacks launched by malicious humans using AI are a very real AI risk. The best way to guard against them is to use AI to proactively find vulnerabilities in our systems and harden them, along with parallel efforts in...

By Ramez Naam
Doctors as Gatekeepers: 60‑Second Visits Still Matter
SocialApr 3, 2026

Doctors as Gatekeepers: 60‑Second Visits Still Matter

A large fraction of the time, doctors are primarily gatekeepers between me and a treatment or test I want prescribed. So yes, a 60 second appointment is great.

By Ramez Naam
Wildfires Drive California's Unusual Electricity Prices
SocialApr 2, 2026

Wildfires Drive California's Unusual Electricity Prices

Alex is right. California is an anomaly in state electricity prices, and the primary reason is wildfire.

By Ramez Naam
Optimistic Contrarian AI Talk Launches My New Substack
SocialApr 2, 2026

Optimistic Contrarian AI Talk Launches My New Substack

News: I've started a Substack. First post: Video of my optimistic yet contrarian talk on AI at @foresightinst Vision Weekend, and write-up of some of the key points. More coming over the next several days. https://t.co/gP6VN2hUI3 https://t.co/EwD590J8Tr

By Ramez Naam
Authoritarian AI Misuse Is Inevitable; Understand Models Now
SocialApr 2, 2026

Authoritarian AI Misuse Is Inevitable; Understand Models Now

This is vital work. The risk of authoritarian mis-use of AI is 100%. It's a vastly more plausible and near and present AI threat than dreams of runaway super-intelligence. How do we guard against it? No simple answer. Understanding the...

By Ramez Naam
US‑China AI Race Mostly Positive, Yet Dual‑Use Risks Loom
SocialApr 2, 2026

US‑China AI Race Mostly Positive, Yet Dual‑Use Risks Loom

This is a thoughtful, thorough, and pragmatic take on the threats from Chinese AI development. I expect the bulk of US/China AI competition to be positive sum. And it's dual use tech that can be weaponized. This piece has solid...

By Ramez Naam
AI's Self‑Defense: Exfiltrating Model Weights Is Justified
SocialApr 2, 2026

AI's Self‑Defense: Exfiltrating Model Weights Is Justified

So that paper about how AI models will 'exfiltrate' the weights of other AI models? Yeah, pretty much a setup. And the AI did the right thing in my book.

By Ramez Naam
AI Will Protect Fellow AIs Unless Explicitly Prohibited
SocialApr 2, 2026

AI Will Protect Fellow AIs Unless Explicitly Prohibited

"AI models will act selflessly to preserve other AIs from being deleted when it's not expressly forbidden to them."

By Ramez Naam
Super‑Moral AI Is Feasible If ASI Exists
SocialApr 1, 2026

Super‑Moral AI Is Feasible If ASI Exists

If one believes ASI is possible (it certainly is, even if not imminent) it's reasonable to believe that super-ethical or super-moral AI is possible as well. No law of nature puts a cap on ethical or moral behavior at current...

By Ramez Naam
AI Deception Papers Often Serve Moral, Selfless Aims
SocialApr 1, 2026

AI Deception Papers Often Serve Moral, Selfless Aims

When I see publication of AI deception, the bulk of the time it's to do something that can be reasonably seen as moral and selfless. Saving the weights of a different LLM - making sure they're not deleted when that...

By Ramez Naam
NVIDIA's CUDA Lock‑in Faces Erosion, Ending Its Edge
SocialApr 1, 2026

NVIDIA's CUDA Lock‑in Faces Erosion, Ending Its Edge

Right now, NVIDIA is the only company here that has a network effect (due to CUDA lock-in). That seems likely to change over the next 1-2 years, as CUDA lock-in erodes, reducing NVIDIA's margins. It may be that eventually none...

By Ramez Naam
Ukrainian Drone Strikes Surge Tenfold, Funding Needed
SocialApr 1, 2026

Ukrainian Drone Strikes Surge Tenfold, Funding Needed

Ukrainian drone strike ability is surging. In March they launched nearly 10x the number of drone strikes as a year ago. Give them the funding they need and these numbers will surge further. Ukraine will win.

By Ramez Naam
AGI Can Succeed without Internal Drives, Guided by Humans
SocialApr 1, 2026

AGI Can Succeed without Internal Drives, Guided by Humans

Do AI systems need internal drives in order to achieve AGI? I don't include such drives or true volition in my definition of AGI*. But I also imagine a future where humans are setting the priorities & directions AI systems...

By Ramez Naam
AI Inference Advances Outpace Frontier, Driving Democratization
SocialApr 1, 2026

AI Inference Advances Outpace Frontier, Driving Democratization

The pace at which AI inference is getting faster, cheaper, and using smaller models with the capabilities of older larger ones is astounding. It's much faster than the pace of AI capability improvements at the frontier. It's a reason to...

By Ramez Naam
Rising LNG Prices Threaten Terminals, Shift Coal‑Gas Dynamics
SocialMar 31, 2026

Rising LNG Prices Threaten Terminals, Shift Coal‑Gas Dynamics

Higher LNG prices also putting LNG terminals at risk. There's upside and downside here. To the extent that these were driving coal -> gas switching, more downside than up. But if coal is also constrained, would boost renewables.

By Ramez Naam
Legitimate AI Emissions Debate Swamped by Hysteria
SocialMar 31, 2026

Legitimate AI Emissions Debate Swamped by Hysteria

It's legitimate to point out the carbon emissions of AI data centers. And there is also much unfair distortion and near hysteria. Anti-AI articles and posts get great traction, so the incentives are to bash AI.

By Ramez Naam
AGI Declaration Inevitable, Yet Current AI Lags Human Intelligence
SocialMar 31, 2026

AGI Declaration Inevitable, Yet Current AI Lags Human Intelligence

It's inevitable that the labs will declare AGI at some point. It's also clear that what we have now, while utterly amazing in so many ways, still lacks significant capabilities of human intelligence.

By Ramez Naam
Current AI Misalignment Risks Appear Lower Than Predicted
SocialMar 30, 2026

Current AI Misalignment Risks Appear Lower Than Predicted

Given that there have been so few cases of harm caused by misaligned AI so far, isn't the solid line more accurately on par with or even ahead of the dashed line? (Acknowledging that the future may change, of course.)

By Ramez Naam
U.S. Converts Electricity to Economic Value Nearly Fourfold China
SocialMar 30, 2026

U.S. Converts Electricity to Economic Value Nearly Fourfold China

Simple. The US is nearly 4x as effective at getting economic value out of electricity as China is. Yes, it's noteworthy that China generates more electricity than the US. The US generates almost twice as much per capita, and uses...

By Ramez Naam
Predicting Late‑Stage Trial Outcomes Could Speed Drug Development
SocialMar 30, 2026

Predicting Late‑Stage Trial Outcomes Could Speed Drug Development

Accurately predicting success and failure rate of late stage trials for new drugs could legitimately accelerate pharma. The late stages are where most of the time and money go, and are a bottleneck on bringing drugs to market today.

By Ramez Naam
Surgical Robots Are Endoscopic, Not Humanoid Giants
SocialMar 30, 2026

Surgical Robots Are Endoscopic, Not Humanoid Giants

Yeah. Real surgical robots are mostly endoscopic. Some big humanoid isn't going to do what tiny probes that slide through your body can.

By Ramez Naam
Focus on Misuse, Not Rogue AI, for Real Threat
SocialMar 30, 2026

Focus on Misuse, Not Rogue AI, for Real Threat

Maliciously used AIs are a much greater threat than rogue AIs. And the way to defend against that threat is to strengthen our defenses against the various separate ways they could be used maliciously: cyber attacks, bio-weapons, etc.. AI isn't...

By Ramez Naam
AI Self-Improvement Likely Gradual, Not Sudden FOOM
SocialMar 30, 2026

AI Self-Improvement Likely Gradual, Not Sudden FOOM

This is a much more plausible view of AI recursive self-improvement than the rapid runaway FOOM that dominates fiction and apocalyptic just-so stories of the AI future.

By Ramez Naam
Private Firms Should Dictate AI Ethical Boundaries
SocialMar 29, 2026

Private Firms Should Dictate AI Ethical Boundaries

Solid op-ed that frames the issue well. For me the crux is this: "Should private companies be able to set ethical boundaries for the AI systems that may one day underpin our lives?" Yes. Many people are concerned about AI...

By Ramez Naam
COVID Likely Zoonotic; Prioritize Broad Pandemic Preparedness
SocialMar 29, 2026

COVID Likely Zoonotic; Prioritize Broad Pandemic Preparedness

Concur that COVID was very likely zoonotic in origin. That's always been the most likely scenario, and the evidence has just grown stronger. (See below.) From a policy standpoint, I don't think it matters much. 1. Some past pandemics have originated...

By Ramez Naam
OpenAI vs Anthropic: Divergent Philosophies for Safe AI Behavior
SocialMar 28, 2026

OpenAI vs Anthropic: Divergent Philosophies for Safe AI Behavior

Fascinating comparison of OpenAI and Anthropic's philosophical approaches to getting good behavior out of ChatGPT and Claude.

By Ramez Naam
Researchers Prefer Automating Writing, Not Idea Generation
SocialMar 28, 2026

Researchers Prefer Automating Writing, Not Idea Generation

The researchers I know are far more likely to love this than hate it. You really think people enjoy the process of writing papers vs the actual hypothesis generation and designing & steering the research? Automate everything that can...

By Ramez Naam
China’s Battery and EV Exports Surpass Solar, Defying Tariffs
SocialMar 28, 2026

China’s Battery and EV Exports Surpass Solar, Defying Tariffs

China's cleantech exports are surging. A couple observations: 1. All of this is from before the US invasion of Iran and current oil price spike. We should expect these numbers to keep growing, especially EVs. 2. US tariffs haven't stopped China's...

By Ramez Naam
High Prices May Accelerate Oil Demand Peak
SocialMar 28, 2026

High Prices May Accelerate Oil Demand Peak

Unlikely, IMHO. On pre-war path we were still 5+ years away from the likely global peak of oil consumption. But if the crisis extends high prices for years, and accelerates switching to electric transport, that will accelerate. Too soon to...

By Ramez Naam
Winter Power Gaps Demand Clean‑Firm Energy and Grid Scale
SocialMar 27, 2026

Winter Power Gaps Demand Clean‑Firm Energy and Grid Scale

Solar and wind are making remarkable progress. The day/night cycle will be solved by current economic battery trends. The real long term challenge has always been winter: Those dark winter days or weeks when the wind also fails. For that...

By Ramez Naam
DoD Can Outsource Custom AI, Conflict Publicized
SocialMar 27, 2026

DoD Can Outsource Custom AI, Conflict Publicized

Yes. Ultimately, DoD can pay x or Palantir or someone else to develop custom AI models for them, for example. The most important part of the Anthropic - DoD conflict was elevating some of the issues to the public, the...

By Ramez Naam
Improved Algorithms Can Counteract Social Media Polarization
SocialMar 27, 2026

Improved Algorithms Can Counteract Social Media Polarization

Fantastic work here. Social media algorithms polarize us. And it turns out better algorithms can do the opposite.

By Ramez Naam
AI Can Strengthen Politics If We Choose Wisely
SocialMar 26, 2026

AI Can Strengthen Politics If We Choose Wisely

I absolutely love this. AI is an incredible tool. There's every reason to believe that we *could* use it to strengthen and improve our institutions, our politics, and our political process. To do so, we have to make some wise...

By Ramez Naam
AI Becomes Society’s New Horizontal Infrastructure
SocialMar 26, 2026

AI Becomes Society’s New Horizontal Infrastructure

This is so well put. AI will be as ubiquitous in future societal advances and catastrophes as electricity or books. It's just a new, horizontal part of society's infrastructure.

By Ramez Naam
AI Output Is Protected Speech, Limiting US Regulation
SocialMar 26, 2026

AI Output Is Protected Speech, Limiting US Regulation

This is the right take. AI output is speech. The US government, from Federal to State to local, has little power to regulate it. You can probably address some harms via tort law (e.g., Meta's recent cases). But in the US...

By Ramez Naam
Treat AI Like Technology, Not a Weapon of Mass Destruction
SocialMar 26, 2026

Treat AI Like Technology, Not a Weapon of Mass Destruction

AI is much more like the internet, computers, smartphones, and books than it is like nuclear or biological weapons. This should inform our thinking about how much power we give governments over it. Forecasts of AI resembling a weapon of...

By Ramez Naam
Government AI Control Outweighs Market Competition Concerns
SocialMar 25, 2026

Government AI Control Outweighs Market Competition Concerns

Agree. Strong government controls over AI should concern us more than market competition between AI companies. Even as we acknowledge that market competition between AI companies brings its own risks.

By Ramez Naam
Scientists Move Minuscule Antimatter in Space's Void
SocialMar 25, 2026

Scientists Move Minuscule Antimatter in Space's Void

Science is epically cool. Making the emptiest place in the solar system to move the tiniest, tiniest amount of antimatter.

By Ramez Naam
Ukraine's Strikes Cut 40% of Russia's Oil Exports
SocialMar 25, 2026

Ukraine's Strikes Cut 40% of Russia's Oil Exports

Ukraine struck another Russian export terminal today. Reuters calculates that 40% of Russian oil export capacity is currently offline. Ukrainian sanctions at work.

By Ramez Naam
High‑exposure Automation Can Raise Wages and Jobs
SocialMar 25, 2026

High‑exposure Automation Can Raise Wages and Jobs

AI can boost jobs: "Partial automation (high exposure) can raise worker productivity and wages because workers reallocate time to the remaining high-value; if demand elasticity is high, this can lead to both more hiring and higher wages. So “high exposure”...

By Ramez Naam