Just on One Day—Last Friday—Six Courts Issued Opinions Noting Fake Cites or Quotes in Briefing
On a single Friday, six U.S. courts—four state appellate courts and two federal district courts—issued opinions flagging fabricated citations or quotations in briefing documents. The cases, ranging from Nebraska to California, involved both attorney‑prepared filings and pro se litigants, suggesting unchecked AI use as a common source. Many of these hallucinated references never appear in Westlaw, either because they are missed or omitted from reporting. The cluster of errors highlights a growing reliability challenge as AI tools proliferate in legal drafting.
Injunction Against Further Leafletting by Union Organizer at CEO's Front Door
The New Mexico Court of Appeals upheld a permanent injunction that bars union organizer Adrienne Enghouse from entering CEO Jamie Silva‑Steele’s private residence after she left a union‑related flyer at the front door. The court found Enghouse intended to trespass,...
Georgia Court Order Apparently Included AI-Hallucinated Cases, Copied From Prosecutor's Proposed Order
The Georgia Supreme Court identified multiple erroneous citations in a 33‑page order denying a new trial for Hannah Payne. Chief Justice Nels Peterson noted at least five non‑existent cases and five misapplied precedents, some directly lifted from the state’s 37‑page...
Elon Musk Wins Defamation Lawsuit Brought by Someone Musk Allegedly Misidentified in X Post
A Texas Court of Appeals ruled that Elon Musk’s X comments about a college student alleged to be a federal agent constitute protected opinion, not defamation. The plaintiff, Brody, was deemed a private figure, limiting any potential damages. The court...
Judge Blocks Lawyer's Distribution of Animation That Allegedly Shows "Uncommanded Discharge" Of Sig Sauer Pistol
Judge Victor Bolden issued a permanent injunction prohibiting attorney Jeffrey Bagnell from using a five‑minute animation that falsely depicts a Sig Sauer P320 pistol discharging without a trigger pull. The court classified the animation as commercial speech under the Lanham...
For Staten Island, The Interim Docket Is The Final Docket
On March 3, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court granted an emergency stay in the Staten Island redistricting dispute Malliotakis v. Kosinski, effectively ending the case before the midterm elections. The stay was issued per curiam without explanation, and the parties subsequently dismissed the...
"University of Regina Prof '… Was Not a Pretendian,' Says Judge" In Defamation Case Brought by the Professor
A Saskatchewan judge awarded University of Regina professor $70,000 in damages, finding she was defamed by accusations that she pretended to be Indigenous and used forged documents. The court clarified that the defamation stemmed from fraud allegations, not merely the...
Mother Ordered Not to Speak Publicly About Child Protection Proceedings; Maine High Court Says Order Violates First Amendment
The Maine Supreme Judicial Court vacated a court‑issued gag order that barred a mother from speaking publicly about her child‑protection case, deeming it an unconstitutional prior restraint. The order had prohibited any media interaction, social‑media posts, or discussion of the...
"Stalking-Type Behavior"/"Coercive Control" Of Minor Stepdaughter, or "Salutary" "Parental" Behavior?
Washington Court of Appeals reversed a domestic‑violence protective order (DVPO) granted to minor stepdaughter Mia against her stepfather George. The appellate panel found the trial court failed to make the statutory findings required for unlawful harassment, stalking, or coercive control,...
No Defamation Liability for NYU Report Summarizing Court Filing Alleging Prosecutorial Misconduct
A federal district court in Pennsylvania ruled that NYU and its law school’s report summarizing a 2007 prosecutorial‑misconduct filing is protected by New York’s absolute fair‑report privilege. The court found the report to be a substantially accurate, often verbatim, summary...
No Pseudonymity for Plaintiffs Alleging Sean Combs (P. Diddy) Sexually Assaulted Them
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed a district court’s denial of pseudonym motions filed by three plaintiffs alleging Sean Combs sexually assaulted them between 1991 and 2007. The panel applied the ten‑factor *Sealed Plaintiff* test and...
"Perhaps Due to the Asynchronous Thelma and Louise, Neither Side Requests Sanctions"
Magistrate Judge Stephanie Christensen found that both parties in Creditors Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. All Season Power LLC cited a non‑existent case and fabricated quotations, likely generated by artificial‑intelligence tools. Plaintiff’s brief contained four false citations, and the defendant inadvertently...
Lawyers Citing Nonexistent Cases Ordered to Pay Opponents' Attorney Fees, Double Costs, $15K Fine Each
The Sixth Circuit sanctioned attorneys Van Irion and Russ Egli for repeatedly citing nonexistent cases in appeals stemming from the City of Athens fireworks litigation. The court identified more than two dozen fabricated citations and ordered the lawyers to reimburse...
"If the Defendants Continue the Practice, It Will Not End Well for Them"
A federal judge in the Elephant Shoe, LLC v. Cook case issued an injunction prohibiting defendants from copying the judge and magistrate on emails sent to third parties, a practice barred by Local Rule 7.1(M). The judge noted that the...
Judge VanDyke: "This Is a Case About Swinging Dicks."
The Ninth Circuit refused to rehear en banc the Olympus Spa v. Armstrong case, leaving the panel majority’s decision intact. Judge VanDyke’s lead dissent opened with a graphic description of "swinging dicks," sparking a sharp rebuke from 28 of his...
Is Judge Pauline Newman Entitled to Her Day in Court?
Judge Pauline Newman, a senior Federal Circuit judge, has filed a petition for certiorari asking the Supreme Court to review her removal from active service by fellow judges. The D.C. Circuit previously held that the Judicial Councils Reform and Judicial...
Fourth Circuit Publicly Admonishes Lawyer for "Citations to Nonexistent Judicial Opinions"
The Fourth Circuit issued a public admonishment to attorney Eric Nwaubani after his appellate briefs cited three nonexistent judicial opinions, a mistake the court linked to possible generative AI use. The panel found his conduct violated Local Rule 46(g)(1)(c) and...
Three Students' Libel Lawsuit over Columbia "Doxing Truck" Can Go Forward
A New York trial court ruled that the libel suit filed by three Columbia University students against the nonprofit Accuracy in Media (AIM) and its president can proceed. The plaintiffs allege that AIM created websites and mobile billboard trucks falsely...
The Ninth Circuit's En Banc Shadow Docket
The Ninth Circuit’s en banc panel continued its practice of issuing automatic administrative stays on immigration removal cases through the shadow docket, despite criticism from the Supreme Court’s recent emergency‑docket reversals. Judges describe the stays as "patently frivolous" and note that...
Free Speech Unmuted: Equal Time, Stephen Colbert, and the Future of Political Broadcasting, with Stuart Benjamin
The Reason podcast episode "Free Speech Unmuted" examines whether the FCC will revive a broad interpretation of the Equal Time Rule, potentially reshaping political broadcasting. Host Vy Nguyen and legal scholar Stuart Benjamin discuss if broadcast television should retain its...
First Amendment May Protect First-Grader's Giving Black Classmate "Black Lives Mater Any Life" Drawing
The Ninth Circuit vacated a summary‑judgment ruling in B.B. v. Capistrano Unified School District, holding that a first‑grader’s drawing containing the phrase “Black Lives Mater any life” is protected speech under the First Amendment. Applying the Tinker balancing test, the...
California AI Model Training Disclosure Law Likely Doesn't Violate First Amendment
A federal judge in California ruled that Assembly Bill 2013, which requires generative AI developers to publish high‑level summaries of their training datasets, likely does not violate the First Amendment. The decision framed the disclosure requirement as a commercial‑speech regulation...
Justice Jackson Was Partly Mistaken About Mifepristone
At a recent D.C. Circuit event, Justices Kavanaugh and Jackson debated the Supreme Court’s expanding emergency docket. Kavanaugh linked the surge to increased presidential reliance on executive orders, while Jackson claimed the Court’s emergency orders under Trump represented a shift...
"See MAGA, Shoot MAGA" In TikTok Video Was Criminally Punishable Threat
A federal jury convicted Desiree Doreen Segari for transmitting a true threat under 18 U.S.C. §875(c) after she posted TikTok videos urging viewers to "see MAGA, shoot MAGA." The court rejected Segari’s argument that the statute requires a singular, specifically...
Alleged Threats Against Alleged Groomers / Sex Traffickers of Minors Don't Justify Sealing of Personal Information / Pseudonymity
Federal Judge John Chun denied the Jacksons’ request to seal all personal identifying information and to proceed pseudonymously in the sex‑trafficking lawsuit filed by former fans. The court found the defendants had not shown good cause, noting that most alleged...
No Second Amendment "Right to Build Solar-Powered Greenhouses"
Judge Joshua Wolson of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania dismissed a pro se lawsuit that claimed a Second Amendment right to build solar‑powered greenhouses. The plaintiff, Mr. Nellom, argued that the right to bear arms includes a fundamental right to...
Lawsuit Over Cancellation of April 2024 Pro-Palestine Protest at U Texas Can Go Forward
The Western District of Texas allowed a lawsuit to proceed against the University of Texas at Austin over its preemptive cancellation of a pro‑Palestine protest on April 24, 2024. Plaintiffs claim the university acted on viewpoint discrimination, arresting and disciplining...
Philosophy Prof, Discussion of Adult-Child Sex Bans, and the First Amendment
A federal court in New York dismissed SUNY Fredonia's motion to dismiss a lawsuit by philosophy professor Stephen Kershnar, ruling his controversial podcast remarks on adult‑child sexual consent are presumptively protected by the First Amendment. The judge applied the Pickering...
Court Upholds New York's Limits on Unauthorized Practice of Law
The Second Circuit affirmed New York’s unauthorized practice of law (UPL) statutes, ruling they are content‑neutral and therefore subject only to intermediate scrutiny. The court held that the licensing requirement for anyone giving individualized legal advice is narrowly tailored to...
Federal Government Lawyer's Filings Appear to Include "Fabricated Quotations and Misstatements of Case Holdings"
A federal prosecutor in North Carolina is accused of inserting fabricated quotations and misstatements of case law into multiple court filings in the Fivehouse v. Department of Defense litigation. The alleged fabrications involve citations to Fourth Circuit decisions and regulatory...
California Appeals Court Upholds Trial Court Order That Cited Hallucinated Cases
The California Court of Appeal upheld a family‑court order that relied on two nonexistent cases, *Marriage of Twigg* and *Marriage of Teegarden*. The order was drafted by the appellant’s counsel, who failed to verify the citations, while the opposing attorney...
The Fifth Circuit and the Louisiana 10 Commandments Law
In 2024 Louisiana enacted a statute requiring every public‑school classroom to display the Ten Commandments with a historical disclaimer. Parents sued, arguing the mandate violates the Establishment Clause under *Stone v. Graham*; a district court issued a preliminary injunction and...
The First Question From The Florida Supreme Court's Newest Member: "Is Your Position More Like Justice Gorsuch in Bostock or...
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis appointed Judge Adam Tanenbaum to the state Supreme Court, marking his final reshaping of the bench. In Tanenbaum’s first oral argument, he asked the deputy solicitor general whether his statutory‑interpretation approach resembled Justice Gorsuch’s textualism in...
Court Blocks Florida Gov. DeSantis's Executive Order Designating CAIR as Terrorist Organization
A federal judge in Jacksonville blocked Governor Ron DeSantis’s December 2025 executive order that labeled the Council on American‑Islamic Relations (CAIR) a terrorist organization and barred it from state contracts. The court held that the governor lacks authority to make...
Interview with Judge Lawrence VanDyke at the University of Florida
Judge Lawrence VanDyke sat down with the University of Florida Federalist Society during the Originalism Conference to discuss his personal journey and judicial philosophy. He explained why his approach on the Ninth Circuit often diverges from his colleagues, emphasizing a...
Court Dismisses Discrimination Claims Against Northwestern Over Alleged Post-Oct. 7 Anti-Semitism
A federal judge dismissed a group of Title VI discrimination lawsuits against Northwestern University alleging a hostile environment for Jewish students after the October 7 Hamas attacks. The court held that plaintiffs failed to show that university officials had actual knowledge of...
SCOTUS Resolves Two-Way State Court Split About New Jersey Transit
The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously held that New Jersey Transit is not an arm of the state, stripping it of sovereign immunity and overturning the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s contrary ruling. The decision affirms the New York Court of Appeals’ view,...
Interesting Dissent in American Indian Religious Case Under Texas RFRA
In *Perez v. City of San Antonio*, a Fifth Circuit panel upheld San Antonio's plan to clear a river‑bend sacred to the Lipan‑Apache Native American Church, finding no substantial burden under the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act (TRFRA). Judge Andrew...
Justice Kagan's Bad Ayahuasca Trip
During the Supreme Court’s Hemani oral argument, Justice Kagan posed a hypothetical that a user of ayahuasca—a hallucinogenic tea protected under the 2006 *Gonzales v. O Centro* decision—could be barred from firearm ownership. The scenario pits a religious‑freedom exemption granted...
Equal Protection Clause Challenge to Single-Sex Public School Classes Can Go Forward
The Tenth Circuit ruled that the equal‑protection claim against a public school’s single‑sex fifth‑grade classes can proceed, applying intermediate scrutiny to the district’s sex‑segregation policy. The court found the plaintiffs’ allegations of reliance on outdated gender stereotypes and unequal disciplinary...
Mirabelli Offers a Beautiful Vision of the Emergency Docket
The Supreme Court’s per curiam decision in Mirabelli v. Bonta marks a pivotal moment for emergency‑docket jurisprudence, with Justices Barrett, Kavanaugh, and Roberts joining a majority that clarifies when swift relief is appropriate. Justice Barrett’s four‑page concurrence and the Court’s detailed opinion...
Confusion About Commandeering
Newly‑elected Virginia Governor Abigail Spanberger declined to aid ICE in detaining undocumented immigrants, invoking the anti‑commandeering doctrine. The principle, rooted in Supreme Court decisions such as New York v. United States and Printz v. United States, bars the federal government...
$10M Award to Idaho Prof Accused of Murder Based on Defendant's "Psychic Intuition"
A federal jury in Idaho awarded Professor Rebecca Scofield $10 million after finding former student Ashley Guillard liable for defamation. Guillard’s TikTok and YouTube videos falsely claimed Scofield had a same‑sex affair with a murder victim and that she orchestrated the...
S. Ct. Reinstates Trial Court Injunction Blocking Cal. Policy Limiting Schools' Disclosure to Parents of Student's Changed Gender Identity
The U.S. Supreme Court reinstated a district‑court injunction that bars California’s policy prohibiting schools from informing parents about a child’s gender‑transition activities unless the child consents. The Court granted parents’ request to lift the Ninth Circuit’s stay, while leaving the...
Prof. Tom Merrill (Columbia) Guest-Blogging About "Unstated": How Three Implicit Legal Ideas Have Sidelined Congress and Empowered the President and...
Columbia Law professor Thomas W. Merrill will deliver the Hallows Lecture at Marquette, examining three largely implicit legal ideas that have reshaped the constitutional balance. He argues these unstated doctrines have amplified presidential authority through orders and regulations and expanded...
Mayor's Right to Dismiss Volunteer Board Appointees for Speech, Including Religiously Motivated Speech
The Ninth Circuit affirmed San Diego Mayor Gloria’s decision to veto correctional officer‑pastor Dennis Hodges’s reappointment to the Police Advisory Board, finding the mayor’s action permissible under the "commonality of political purpose" exception. The court held that volunteer board members may...
"Law Is Irrelevant to the U.S. Attack on Iran," By Prof. Jack Goldsmith (Harvard)
Harvard professor Jack Goldsmith argues that legal debates over President Trump’s recent strike on Iran are largely symbolic, as the Constitution provides only political, not judicial, constraints on presidential use of force. He notes that Office of Legal Counsel opinions...
Birthright Citizenship Re-Examined (From an Originalist Perspective)
Michael Ramsey’s upcoming Notre Dame Law Review article revisits the originalist debate over the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause, defending a broad interpretation that grants citizenship to virtually everyone born in the United States. The paper critiques narrower readings proposed by...
"The Docket that Shall Not Be Named"
At Harvard Law School's Rappaport Forum, legal scholars debated the Supreme Court’s increasingly controversial “shadow docket.” Professor Kate Shaw and moderator Richard Re led a conversation about recent interim relief orders, emphasizing that it is too early to infer systematic...
First Amendment Protects Right to Use Nudity as Protest (There, a Pro-Trans Protest) in Public
The Washington Supreme Court ruled that a recall petition against City Councilmember Lucy Lauser was legally insufficient because her topless protest on International Transgender Day of Visibility was protected expressive conduct under the First Amendment. The court clarified that Washington’s...