Behind the Science: FIONA

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryApr 17, 2026

Why It Matters

Understanding the true chemistry of super‑heavy, radioactive elements expands fundamental science and could enable future technologies that exploit their unique properties.

Key Takeaways

  • FIONA enables gas‑phase chemistry studies of ultra‑rare elements.
  • Polonium isotopes are all radioactive, posing experimental challenges.
  • Berkeley Lab uses FIONA to probe super‑heavy element properties.
  • Large nuclear charge may produce unconventional electron behavior.
  • Confirming chemistry could unlock novel applications for exotic elements.

Summary

The video introduces FIONA, a bespoke gas‑phase apparatus at Berkeley Lab designed to study the chemistry of Earth’s rarest elements, with a focus on the highly radioactive element polonium. By inserting polonium into a detector‑ready setup, researchers aim to observe its behavior in isolation, something previously impossible due to its scarcity and radioactivity.

FIONA’s unique capability addresses a long‑standing gap: super‑heavy elements have been produced in only a handful of atoms, leaving their chemical properties largely speculative. The instrument allows scientists to test whether these elements conform to periodic‑table predictions, especially given their massive nuclei that could dramatically alter electron interactions.

Lab veterans highlight the historical context—Berkeley’s legacy of discovering new elements—and note that the “giant positive charge” of these nuclei is expected to generate unconventional bonding patterns. Early observations suggest polonium’s electrons may behave in ways that defy traditional models, offering a rare glimpse into exotic chemistry.

If confirmed, these findings could reshape fundamental chemical theory and open pathways to novel applications, from advanced materials to specialized catalysts, leveraging the unique reactivity of ultra‑heavy elements.

Original Description

Does the periodic table break down? Using FIONA researchers at Berkeley Lab are studying the chemistry of the heaviest elements to find out.
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