How Babies Get Jaundice: Christmas Lectures 1987 with John Meruig Thomas and David Phillips #shorts

The Royal Institution
The Royal InstitutionApr 5, 2026

Why It Matters

Prompt phototherapy reduces risk of brain damage in newborns, making early jaundice detection a vital public‑health priority.

Key Takeaways

  • Neonatal jaundice caused by bilirubin buildup from red cells
  • Liver immaturity limits bilirubin excretion in first days
  • Phototherapy converts bilirubin into water‑soluble form for elimination
  • Blue light exposure is standard, non‑invasive treatment for jaundice
  • Early intervention prevents severe complications such as kernicterus

Summary

The short video illustrates a classic medical demonstration of neonatal jaundice and its treatment using phototherapy, presented by John Meruig Thomas and David Phillips.

Jaundice arises when newborns break down red blood cells, producing bilirubin that the immature liver cannot efficiently excrete. The demonstration shows a baby with yellow‑tinged skin, a simulated infusion of liquid through a nasal funnel, and the subsequent application of a handheld ultraviolet lamp to deliver blue light.

As the presenter notes, “Now, now what this baby has got is jaundice,” and later explains that the blue light “changes this bilirubin… to make it dissolve in the water,” allowing the pigment to be eliminated. The shaking motion is used to mix the bilirubin‑water solution before disposal.

The clip underscores why early detection and phototherapy are critical; timely blue‑light treatment prevents bilirubin accumulation that can lead to kernicterus, reinforcing standard neonatal care protocols worldwide.

Original Description

In this series of six CHRISTMAS LECTURES, Professors John Meurig Thomas (1932-2020) and David Phillips (b.1939) explore the science and applications of crystals and lasers, reviving some of the key experiments from the history and evolution of physical sciences and exploring what the future might bring.
This lecture was filmed at the Ri on Saturday 2nd January 1988.
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