How Nanoparticles Are Quietly Revolutionising the World | with Ivan Parkin

Royal Institution
Royal InstitutionJun 2, 2026

Why It Matters

Nanoparticle-enabled coatings like TiO₂ transform ordinary surfaces into self‑cleaning, energy‑saving assets, driving sizable commercial growth and reinforcing the UK’s competitive edge in sustainable nanotech.

Key Takeaways

  • Nanoparticles trace roots to Faraday’s 1857 ruby‑gold experiments.
  • TiO₂ nanocoatings enable self‑cleaning, hydrophilic glass surfaces for buildings.
  • Doping TiO₂ with N, S, P boosts photocatalytic efficiency.
  • Atmospheric pressure CVD allows in‑line nanoparticle film deposition on glass.
  • Spin‑out companies commercialize nanotech applications from UCL‑RI collaborations.

Summary

The lecture revisits the origins of nanoscience, beginning with Michael Faraday’s 1857 ruby‑gold experiments that first revealed gold nanoparticles’ vivid colors. It then connects that historic curiosity to today’s nanomaterial breakthroughs, especially titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings that render glass self‑cleaning and super‑hydrophilic. Key technical insights include the ultra‑thin (≈25 nm) TiO₂ films applied via atmospheric‑pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), which can be doped with nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus to dramatically increase photocatalytic activity. The presenter also describes heterojunction designs combining anatase and rutile TiO₂ phases, achieving higher quantum efficiencies, and demonstrates oscillating chemical reactions as analogues for nanoparticle dynamics. Illustrative examples feature Faraday’s ruby‑red gold‑salt solution still on display at the Royal Institution, Pilkington’s active glass used in conservatories and high‑profile buildings, and the commercial scale of the technology—about $200 million in annual sales and tens of thousands of installations worldwide. The talk highlights collaborations between UCL, the Royal Institution, and industry partners that have spawned multiple spin‑out companies. The broader implication is that nanomaterials are moving from laboratory curiosities to market‑ready solutions that improve energy efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and enable new sustainable products. The UK’s leadership in APCVD and nanocoating innovation positions it to capture significant economic and environmental benefits as these technologies proliferate across construction, consumer goods, and clean‑energy sectors.

Original Description

What if the glass in your conservatory was quietly cleaning itself right now? It probably is — and it's all down to a coating just 25 nanometres thick.
The talk was livestreamed and filmed at the Ri on 24th April 2026, in celebration of UCL's 200th anniversary.
Professor Ivan Parkin — one of the world's leading materials chemists, with over 1,000 publications and an h-index of 126 — takes us from Michael Faraday's ruby gold experiments in this very building in 1857, through to the cutting-edge nanoparticle science reshaping medicine, clean energy, air quality monitoring and building design today.
Along the way there are live demonstrations: water droplets bouncing off superhydrophobic surfaces, gold nanoparticles forming in real time, and cotton wool submerged in dye emerging completely pristine.
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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction and Faraday's ruby gold
1:47 Faraday's original gold solutions — still intact after 170 years
3:10 What is a nanoparticle? Scale and size explained
4:10 UCL at 200: Nobel prizes, firsts and the Ri connection
6:27 Oscillating reactions demonstration begins
7:01 George Porter, the Ri and a personal history
9:35 Titanium dioxide: the photocatalytic self-cleaning coating
10:08 Pilkington Activ self-cleaning glass — live demonstration
13:29 How float glass is made and why TiO2 coatings work
15:00 Improving titanium dioxide: nitrogen, sulfur and hetrojunctions
18:09 Tungsten oxide and titanium dioxide: a 10x jump in photoactivity
21:35 Zinc ion batteries and nanoparticle dendrite growth
23:09 Superhydrophobic surfaces explained
26:28 Live demo: water droplets on the racetrack
27:49 Live demo: cotton wool and grape juice — treated vs untreated
30:52 The lotus effect and how plants do it naturally
32:02 Photodiodes: splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen with light
34:13 Gas sensing and the Aeroqual air quality network
38:13 Radiative cooling coatings — coming to London buses
43:11 Healthcare-acquired infections and antimicrobial surfaces
44:46 Gold nanoparticles that destroy MRSA and E. coli using light
48:25 Live demo: making gold nanoparticles in real time
51:07 SERS and PIERS: detecting explosives at trace levels
54:23 Photoacoustic imaging probes smaller than a full stop
56:27 Magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer detection
58:43 John Meurig Thomas and an unusual impersonation story
59:54 Summary and close
Professor Ivan Parkin is The Sir William Ramsay Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at University College London (UCL). His research focuses on functional thin films, self-cleaning glass, and antimicrobial coatings. With over 1,000 publications, an h-index of 126, and more than 150 PhD students supervised, his work spans fundamental materials chemistry to real-world commercialisation — including the world's first commercial self-cleaning glass. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a member of Academia Europaea.
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#Nanoparticles #MaterialsScience #Chemistry #SelfCleaningGlass #RoyalInstitution #UCL200 #sciencetalk
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