The World's Most Expensive Fungus | NOVA | PBS

PBS NOVA
PBS NOVAMay 7, 2026

Why It Matters

Yartsa gunbu’s soaring market value threatens the fungus’s survival and local economies, making sustainable management essential for biodiversity and regional livelihoods.

Key Takeaways

  • Ophiocordyceps sinensis infects ghost moth caterpillars on Tibetan Plateau
  • Infected caterpillars climb soil surface before fungal stalk emerges
  • Harvested fungus, yartsa gunbu, sells for tens of thousands per pound
  • Demand drives overharvesting, threatening fungus populations and local ecosystems
  • Communities seek sustainable methods to protect income and biodiversity

Summary

The video explores Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a parasitic fungus that hijacks ghost‑moth caterpillars on the Tibetan Plateau, forcing them to climb to the soil surface before a brown stalk erupts from their heads. This striking life cycle turns a humble insect into a prized commodity known as yartsa gunbu.

The fungus commands astronomical prices—tens of thousands of dollars per pound—because it is prized in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for alleged anti‑aging, anti‑cancer, and aphrodisiac properties, despite limited scientific validation. Overharvesting has pushed the species toward endangerment, disrupting the delicate alpine ecosystem and threatening the livelihoods of Tibetan and Nepali harvesters who depend on it.

Narrators describe the caterpillars as “brainwashed” by the fungus, highlighting the dramatic visual of a brown stalk bursting through the soil. The status symbol attached to yartsa gunbu fuels a lucrative black‑market trade, while local communities scramble to balance economic need with conservation.

The situation underscores the need for sustainable harvesting protocols, potential regulatory frameworks, and scientific research into the fungus’s medicinal claims. Protecting this high‑value parasite could preserve both biodiversity and the economies of remote Himalayan regions.

Original Description

Originally published in 2016. The priciest fungus in the world is a parasite that grows from a caterpillar’s head.
Since the original publication of this video, several studies have found results that allude to its health benefits.
Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142523000805
📰 Stay up to date on the latest science discoveries, full episodes, articles, videos, and more by signing up for NOVA's newsletter here: https://to.pbs.org/4brCC7Y
▶️ Stream NOVA documentaries & more with PBS Documentaries on Prime Video: https://amzn.to/4hXBlsu
🛍️ Shop official NOVA 50th anniversary merch: https://nova-shop.org/
Follow on social for more NOVA content

Comments

Want to join the conversation?

Loading comments...