Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)

How the U.S. Views Europe’s Extended Nuclear Deterrence Strategy

The video features a senior U.S. Department of Defense official discussing how Washington views Europe’s expanding role in NATO’s extended nuclear deterrence, referencing the long‑standing Ottawa and summit declarations that the United Kingdom and France’s independent nuclear forces bolster alliance security. He notes that the United Kingdom has already signaled a willingness to contribute more nuclear assets, while France’s deterrent remains focused on national defense, making a direct extension to other NATO members technically and politically complex. The official stresses that these issues are “important but can be worked out” within the emerging NATO 3.0 framework, which seeks to modernize burden‑sharing and planning processes. “We have spent 75 years figuring out how to do extended deterrence,” he remarks, underscoring the difficulty of turning a country‑specific arsenal into a credible guarantee for distant allies. He also points out that European partners are eager to help but do not view the move as a substitute for U.S. commitments. If Europe can successfully integrate its nuclear capabilities, the alliance could achieve a more balanced deterrence posture, easing U.S. strategic pressures while preserving credibility. However, the practical challenges of command, control, and political consent mean the transition will be gradual and contingent on clear NATO planning.