America’s War Machine Runs on Tungsten—And It Could Run Out

Why It Matters

The shortage threatens U.S. war‑fighting capability and amplifies China’s leverage over American defense supply chains. Securing domestic tungsten is now a strategic priority for national security.

Key Takeaways

• U.S. war in Iran depletes tungsten‑dependent munitions.
• China supplies over 80% of global tungsten.
• U.S. plans $12 B stockpile and new mining projects.
• Domestic tungsten supply won’t materialize for 3‑10 years.
• Defense Dept. restricts foreign tungsten sources starting Jan 1 2027.

Pulse Analysis

Tungsten’s unique density and high melting point make it indispensable for modern munitions, from kinetic penetrators to rocket engine components. The metal’s scarcity has been masked by a global supply chain dominated by China, which controls the majority of mining, refining, and consumption. The recent conflict in Iran has accelerated demand, pushing prices up five‑fold and exposing the vulnerability of U.S. defense manufacturers that rely on imported material with limited strategic reserves.

In response, the U.S. government has launched a multi‑pronged strategy to curb this exposure. A $12 billion critical‑mineral stockpile initiative funds domestic extraction projects, including a $6.2 million award to Golden Metal Resources for a Nevada tungsten mine and a partnership with Cove Capital to develop a processing plant in Kazakhstan. Beginning Jan. 1, 2027, the Defense Department will restrict where defense contractors can source tungsten, forcing a shift away from Chinese imports and encouraging private‑sector investment in alternative supply chains.

Despite these efforts, analysts caution that building a resilient tungsten ecosystem will take years. New mines must be coupled with processing facilities, transportation infrastructure, and a skilled workforce, all of which require sustained capital and policy support. Until such a domestic base matures, the United States remains dependent on external sources, giving China strategic leverage in any future geopolitical negotiations. The broader lesson underscores the urgency of diversifying critical mineral supplies to safeguard national security and maintain industrial competitiveness.