The Mystery of Chongqing Grilled Fish’s Origin Story - and Why It Matters | Asian Insider Podcast

The Straits Times
The Straits TimesMay 1, 2026

Why It Matters

The kaoyu saga shows how a single dish can drive tourism, shape regional branding, and generate significant economic value, prompting cities to protect and market their culinary heritage.

Key Takeaways

  • Kaoyu embodies Chongqing’s river fish and local mala spices.
  • Dish’s origin dispute pits Wushan’s zibao yu against Wanzhou’s kaoyu.
  • Food tourism drives massive investment in themed streets and festivals.
  • Chinese diaspora spreads kaoyu across Singapore hawker centers, reflecting migration.
  • Standardization efforts aim to protect authenticity and boost tourist confidence.

Summary

The Asian Insider podcast explores the contested origins of kaoyu, the iconic grilled fish from Chongqing, and why the debate matters beyond culinary curiosity. Host Lee Shui Ying interviews Straits Times correspondent Au Ching‑Wei, who traced the dish from river‑side stalls to upscale tourism districts, uncovering a rivalry between Wushan’s zibao yu and Wanzhou’s officially‑named kaoyu. Key insights reveal how kaoyu reflects Chongqing’s geography—freshwater fish from the Yangtze and locally grown mala peppers—while also illustrating China’s broader food‑culture dynamics. The dish has migrated with Chinese diaspora, becoming a staple in Singapore’s hawker centres and symbolising newer waves of migrants from Sichuan, Hunan and beyond. In China, massive municipal investment—over $186 million for a dedicated tourism street—and formalized cooking curricula underscore the economic stakes of food tourism. Notable examples include Wanzhou’s push to set minimum fish‑weight standards, vacuum‑packed meals, and an annual curry festival that draws tourists. Au notes that a 2‑kg fish sells for 128 yuan (≈$20 SGD), highlighting price pressures and the tension between authenticity and commercialization. He also cites the China Cuisine Association’s designation of Wanzhou as the kaoyu “hometown,” a move seen as both cultural validation and political leverage. The dispute illustrates how regional dishes become branding assets, influencing tourism, local economies and inter‑regional pride. As Chinese consumers grow wealthier and travel for culinary experiences, standardising recipes and protecting geographic indications become crucial for cities seeking to monetize their food heritage.

Original Description

The stakes are high. A region’s association with a popular dish is increasingly big business, as the Chinese eat out more.
Disputes over where popular dishes originated are common across Asia. The world-famous butter chicken is fought over by two restaurants - one that started out in Peshawar, now in Pakistan, and one in New Delhi, India. In Southeast Asia, neighbours Singapore and Malaysia have also tussled over chicken rice.
It is little wonder that China, given its geographic scale and the incredible richness of its regional cuisines, has its own internal food feuds. 
Kaoyu, or grilled fish, is a regional speciality of Chongqing, made with freshwater fish from the Yangtze River and spices such as mala peppercorns and Chinese chillies.
The dish’s commercial success, both inside and outside of China, has raised questions about its true origin story, with two regions in Chongqing, Wanzhou and Wushan, laying claim to it.
In this episode, host Li Xueying asks Chongqing-based correspondent Aw Cheng Wei to share his journey in tracking down where kaoyu came from, and to get to the heart of why food is so important to the Chinese. 
Highlights (click/tap above):
0:00 Intro
1:06 How Chongqing’s cuisine reflects its local environment and culture
4:37 Popularity of the kaoyu dish across China
6:13 Beginning of the dispute over the dish’s origin
10:21 Government efforts to preserve authenticity through industry standards and culinary schools
11:24 The complexities of culinary origin disputes across China and beyond
14:56 China’s attitude towards food
157:03 Food’s power to connect and what it means for China
Read Aw Cheng Wei’s article here: https://str.sg/6y3x  
Read Li Xueying’s articles: https://str.sg/iqmR 
Follow Li Xueying on LinkedIn: https://str.sg/ip4x  
Sign up for ST’s weekly Asian Insider newsletter: https://str.sg/sfpz 
Host: Li Xueying (xueying@sph.com.sg)
Edited by: Fa’izah Sani & Natasha Liew
Executive producer: Ernest Luis
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