It Takes a Community to End Tuberculosis

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationMar 26, 2026

Why It Matters

A successful M72 vaccine would dramatically cut TB mortality worldwide, while the community‑driven trial design demonstrates how trust can accelerate public‑health breakthroughs in vulnerable regions.

Key Takeaways

  • TB killed 1.23 million people globally in 2024.
  • M72 vaccine enters Phase 3 trial with 20,000 volunteers.
  • South Africa serves as critical testing ground for TB prevention.
  • Community advisory boards build trust between researchers and participants.
  • Successful vaccine could transform TB control across sub‑Saharan Africa.

Summary

A new phase‑three trial of the M72 tuberculosis vaccine is underway across Africa and Asia, with roughly 20,000 volunteers, aiming to halt the progression from infection to disease. The effort is anchored in South Africa, where TB mortality remains among the world’s highest.

In 2024 TB claimed an estimated 1.23 million lives, underscoring the urgency. Researchers stress that South Africa’s high burden makes it the logical testing ground, but scientific rigor alone will not guarantee success; community trust is presented as the trial’s foundation.

Mr. Fana, a member of the community advisory board, describes his role as a bridge, ensuring participants understand consent without feeling pressured. “When I first heard about the possible innovation… it could revolutionize TB disease prevention,” he says, reflecting both personal loss and hope.

If M72 proves effective, it could reshape TB prevention strategies throughout sub‑Saharan Africa and beyond, reducing deaths and easing health‑system strain. The model of integrating local advisory boards may become a template for future vaccine rollouts in high‑risk settings.

Original Description

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. In 2024, this respiratory disease killed 1.23 million people.
But a promising vaccine candidate could become an important tool to help prevent the disease and save lives, if proven safe and effective. Learn more about the progress being made in the fight to #EndTB, led by scientific leaders in Africa: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/articles/how-a-community-helped-develop-a-new-tb-vaccine

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