
Japan’s spring wage negotiations (Shunto) project a 5.26% headline increase for unionized workers, translating to roughly a 3.5% rise in base pay. Across all employees, the average wage gain is about 2.3%, well below the Bank of Japan’s 3% target needed for a 2% inflation rate. Real, inflation‑adjusted wages fell 0.8% this fiscal year and are expected to decline further. The BOJ is weighing these mixed signals as it debates a move toward normalising interest rates amid geopolitical uncertainty.

The ongoing Iran war is intensifying the Bank of Japan’s stagflation dilemma, forcing a choice between raising rates or maintaining ultra‑low policy for longer. Core inflation excluding food and energy fell further below the BOJ’s 2% target in January, while...

Chinese automakers have become the first to mass‑produce EVs featuring three breakthrough technologies: five‑minute charging, solid‑state batteries, and sodium‑ion cells that sidestep critical minerals. Despite this technical edge, their profit margins are collapsing as a fierce price war and excess...