Trams Are Making a Comeback in Major Cities

Why It Matters

The shift signals a strategic pivot toward cost‑effective, high‑capacity transit that can alleviate gridlock without the massive capital outlays of new subways, reshaping urban mobility investments across Europe.

Key Takeaways

• Trams regain favor amid rising congestion and subway costs
• Swiss ASST forum highlights tram‑train projects in Lugano, Oradea
• Funding structures drive choice between trams, light rail, BRT
• Not all cities suit trams; Zoug opts for priority buses
• Integrated tram‑train can cut travel time dramatically

Pulse Analysis

The resurgence of trams across major European metros reflects a pragmatic response to mounting traffic congestion and the soaring expense of underground rail extensions. Planners are recognizing that modern light‑rail vehicles can deliver subway‑level capacity while occupying a fraction of the right‑of‑way, making them attractive for dense corridors where space is scarce. This trend aligns with broader sustainability goals, as electric trams produce lower emissions per passenger kilometer compared with diesel buses, reinforcing their appeal to climate‑conscious municipalities.

Two flagship projects illustrate the potential of tram‑train integration. In Lugano, a new tunnel linking the city centre to Bioggio promises to slash journey times from 22 minutes to just seven, effectively weaving regional rail into the urban fabric. Meanwhile, Romania’s Oradea is drafting a 33‑kilometre network that repurposes existing tracks to connect the airport and surrounding towns, avoiding the cost of entirely new lines. Both initiatives underscore the operational efficiencies of shared infrastructure, yet they also reveal regulatory hurdles, as complex planning approvals and legal challenges can delay delivery.

Funding realities, however, remain the decisive factor. Switzerland’s dedicated federal rail fund eases heavy‑rail projects, while tram and light‑rail schemes rely on co‑financing from cantons and municipalities, often making bus rapid transit a more viable short‑term option. The Zoug study, which favoured high‑frequency buses over a light‑rail line, exemplifies this cost‑benefit calculus. Ultimately, cities must assess urban density, travel demand, and fiscal capacity to select the optimal mode, ensuring that the chosen solution delivers the intended mobility gains without overextending public budgets.