Accuracy is a terrible metric for LLMs. And it’s the reason many AI demos look great but fall apart in real usage. LLMs don’t usually fail by being wrong. They fail by being: irrelevant ungrounded confidently misleading An answer can be “accurate” in isolation and still be useless to the user. This is why traditional evaluation breaks down. For LLM systems, what actually matters is: Relevance - did it answer this question? Groundedness - is it backed by the right context or sources? Faithfulness - did it stay true to the input data? Accuracy alone can’t measure any of that. That’s why production LLMs need evaluation that looks beyond correctness- and focuses on how answers are produced, not just what they say. If your model feels unreliable despite “good accuracy,” this is usually the reason.

The video explains that a language model’s ability to remember is bounded by its context window – the maximum number of tokens it can see at once. The window comprises the system prompt, the full dialogue history, and any tokens the...

Most AI failures don’t come from bad prompts or weak models. They come from bad context. As tasks get longer and agents take more steps, important information gets buried, forgotten, or drowned in noise, something we call “context rot.” The result looks...

The video argues that the real bottleneck in AI assistants isn’t how you phrase a question but what information the model actually sees when it generates a reply. While traditional prompt engineering tweaks wording to coax better answers, "context engineering"...

The video breaks down why prompts work, defining a prompt as the full set of instructions and context sent to an LLM. It distinguishes two parts: a system prompt that establishes the model’s role and constraints, and a user prompt...

Do you still care about picking the right model? GPT. Gemini. Claude. Bigger models. Bigger context windows. But when you actually work on real projects, you quickly realize something else. Most decisions aren’t driven by models. They’re governed by constraints. Cost Latency Quality Data privacy Every model call has a...

RLHF, or reinforcement learning from human feedback, is the technique powering modern large‑language‑model alignment. Rather than relying solely on static text corpora, developers augment training with human‑generated preference data, teaching models what constitutes a helpful, safe response. The workflow begins with...
Recently, a close friend of mine, @pauliusztin_, launched a free 9-lesson course on AI agent foundations, and I went through it. It’s short (around 1.5 hours total) and focuses purely on end-to-end fundamentals - no tools, no frameworks, just the core...

Your model doesn’t understand words. It understands numbers. That single fact explains a lot of confusing LLM behavior. Before an LLM can answer anything, your text goes through two quiet steps most people never see: Tokens: your sentence is broken into small pieces and...

The video demystifies fine‑tuning, the technique of taking a pre‑trained large language model and further training it on a narrow, high‑quality dataset to make it proficient at a specific task. Unlike the massive, generic corpus used for pre‑training, fine‑tuning relies on...

The video explains the fundamental distinction between base models and instruct models in modern AI development. A base model is the product of large‑scale pre‑training; it stores vast factual information but is not optimized for following user instructions or sustaining...

The video walks through the foundational phase that turns a random‑parameter network into a functional language model, known as pre‑training. It describes how the model is fed an enormous corpus of text and code from the internet and tasked with...

One of the best feelings in teaching AI? When a student describes your course exactly the way you hoped it would work. We just received a new review for our Beginner Python for AI Engineering course, and the part that hit me...
If you’re a creator, marketer, or video editor… 2026 is going to be very different.👇 2025 was dominated by image generation. Google’s Nano Banana Pro changed how we control style and lighting. ChatGPT made image consistency crazy. Images finally started doing what we asked fo...

The video explains how modern language models move beyond simple token IDs toward semantic representations called embeddings. While tokenization converts user input into arbitrary numeric identifiers, those IDs carry no information about word meaning or relationships, preventing the model from...

The video tackles a common misconception that large language models (LLMs) learn in the same way humans do, arguing that the similarity ends at a superficial level of pattern imitation. It breaks the discussion into three parts – pre‑training, fine‑tuning/reinforcement...

The video demystifies large language models (LLMs) by framing them as sophisticated autocomplete engines. It explains that an LLM’s core task is to predict the most probable next token—whether a whole word, a sub‑word fragment, or punctuation—based on the preceding...
70k YouTube subscribers after 6 years. Sounds simple on paper. It wasn’t. For the first few years, everything felt easy. I was covering AI research papers, I loved it, and people loved it too. Consistency wasn’t a struggle because the content was...

The video introduces a new daily short‑form series aimed at demystifying generative AI for a broad audience. It opens by acknowledging the common frustration of receiving slow, vague, or inaccurate answers from tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, or Google Cloud, and...
I’m publishing one AI video every day for the next 42 days. No math. No code. No hype. Just the concepts you actually need to understand LLMs. YouTube is where 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗱 for me. And honestly, I miss it. So on Monday, I’m coming back...
It’s funny how LLMs depends on Reddit and Wikipedia content to be trained, but at the same time it’s killing both… https://t.co/MhE4knbw0t

The episode highlights the rare, distraction‑free period between Christmas and New Year’s as an ideal time to decide whether to ship a real AI product in the coming year. It outlines a two‑part learning path—a free 10‑hour LLM Primer and...
I didn’t get my first AI job by applying anywhere. It started with YouTube. 🎥👇 I was posting simple research explainers on YouTube when one day, the founder of a startup left a comment: “Can we talk?” He noticed I was also from Québec...

I gave my first university talk this week at the University of San Diego. I was genuinely stressed. Not because the content was hard, but because it was the first time I had to turn what we do at Towards AI into...

The video tackles a misconception that speech‑to‑text (STT) is merely a matter of converting audio into words. It argues that for production voice agents, transcription is only the first step; the real battle lies in extracting precise entities, handling latency,...
Most people think speech to text is just turn audio into words. Anyone who has built a real voice agent knows... that's the easy part. https://t.co/vNSn0Tum1y
Sharing content online is one of the highest-ROI habits you can build, and it has nothing to do with going viral. When I started, my goal wasn’t audience or money. It was learning. Content forces clarity. Saying “I want to learn...

The video explores the often‑overlooked benefit of publishing content online: it serves as a powerful learning accelerator. The creator explains that his initial foray into content creation wasn’t driven by audience size, revenue, or virality, but by a desire to...
I’ve been watching a pattern lately: a lot of businesses are trying to “add AI” hoping it will magically fix everything. But here’s the honest truth: AI won’t save a bad business. It will simply reveal what’s already broken. If your operations are messy,...
Prompt debt might be the most 2025 kind of technical debt. It’s what happens when AI writes your code… but you never build the mental model behind it. Shaw Talebi calls it out clearly: LLMs can generate code, architecture, even some...
Stuck choosing a tech stack for your next AI project? You might be overthinking it. My friend Shaw Talebi is an AI engineer who ships a lot of small AI SaaS projects fast. His rule is simple: build with what you...
I used to be terrified of reading research papers... until I learned this 👇 The first time I opened one, I thought: “There’s no way I can read this.” Too formal, too technical, too many acronyms - and English wasn’t even my first language. But...