Cues India Can Take From China to Fix Its Foul Air and Water | Asian Insider Podcast

The Straits Times
The Straits TimesMay 8, 2026

Why It Matters

India’s unchecked pollution threatens both public health and economic productivity, making decisive, state‑led environmental reforms essential for sustainable growth.

Key Takeaways

  • China used the Olympics as catalyst for aggressive environmental reforms.
  • State‑driven shutdown of polluting factories accelerated China’s air‑water recovery.
  • India’s mortality from air pollution rivals its economic growth challenges.
  • China’s massive reforestation and high‑speed rail showcase decisive state capacity.
  • India must prioritize strict environmental policies over short‑term GDP gains.

Summary

The Asian Insider podcast features Chandran Nair, founder of the Global Institute for Tomorrow, examining India’s dire air and water crisis and asking whether China’s development playbook can be adapted. Nair draws on his decades‑long experience consulting in China, describing how the country moved from severe pollution in the early 2000s to measurable improvements through top‑down, state‑driven actions. He highlights several concrete steps: the Olympics served as a political catalyst, prompting rapid policy roll‑outs; the government ordered the closure or relocation of heavily polluting state‑owned factories, displacing tens of thousands of workers; massive infrastructure projects such as high‑speed rail and nationwide reforestation were executed with unprecedented speed. These measures, backed by scientific and engineering capacity, turned Beijing’s smog‑filled skies into clearer air and even made river swimming possible in some locales. Nair underscores the human toll in India, citing estimates of roughly 5,000 daily deaths from air pollution and the chronic failure of water‑sanitation systems in the Ganga and Brahmaputra basins. He references Harvard economist Gita Gopinath’s warning that India’s growth is being throttled by environmental degradation, and contrasts it with China’s willingness to sacrifice short‑term output for long‑term sustainability. The discussion concludes that India’s growth model, heavily influenced by IMF‑style liberalization, must evolve. Without decisive, state‑centric interventions—potentially as draconian as China’s—India risks escalating health costs, stalling economic gains, and falling behind in the global race for sustainable development.

Original Description

India’s poor air is not only a health hazard for its people, it is also driving much needed investment away from the country. 
There was a time when China was thought to have the world’s most polluted cities. However, Beijing’s sustained efforts have overturned that situation. Instead, when the question of polluted cities comes up, eyes turn to India now.
According to the noted Harvard economist Gita Gopinath, a former top IMF official, poor air quality is driving investment away from India and is causing more damage to its economy than US President Donald Trump’s tariffs. 
There is enough policy experience, and scientific knowledge, to mitigate the situation. Indeed, India has within itself some of the world’s best scientific brains. The question is whether it has the political will to take the right measures, including pricing essential services such as water appropriately to curb overuse and wastage.
In this wide-ranging conversation host Ravi Velloor speaks with Chandran Nair, the Malaysian-born, Founder and CEO of Hongkong based Global Institute for Tomorrow on how India could take cues from China to fix its foul air and water.
Mr Nair, a biochemical engineer who in 1994 set up the first foreign environment consultancy in China, is a frequent traveller to China and India. He is also a sceptic of the consumption-based growth model that he says is causing irreparable damage to the environment. 
Highlights (click/tap above)
0:00 Intro
4:01 China’s journey from ‘most polluted’ nation
11:46 India’s dismal environmental situation
16:26 Faulty growth models
19:33 Democratic non-dividend: India cannot do a China
24:32 Why utilities like water need to be priced right
Read Ravi's columns: https://str.sg/3xRP
Sign up for ST’s weekly Asian Insider newsletter: https://str.sg/sfpz 
Host: Ravi Velloor (velloor@sph.com.sg)
Produced and edited by: Fa’izah Sani
Executive producer: Ernest Luis
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