Biden’s Industrial Policy: What Worked, What Didn’t, and Why It Still Matters

Brown Watson Institute
Brown Watson InstituteApr 2, 2026

Why It Matters

By tying industrial subsidies to equity conditions, Biden’s agenda demonstrates how government can simultaneously boost strategic sectors and narrow income gaps, setting a template for next‑generation industrial policy worldwide.

Key Takeaways

  • Biden’s industrial policy blends green, tech, and infrastructure goals.
  • Chips Act targets semiconductor independence and supply‑chain security.
  • IRA and infrastructure law embed equity‑focused predistribution measures.
  • Antitrust enforcement used to foster competition alongside industrial subsidies.
  • Performance standards and means‑tests aim to direct benefits to low‑income communities.

Summary

The podcast episode examines President Biden’s recent industrial policy, anchored by the Inflation Reduction Act, the CHIPS Act, and the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and asks what they have achieved and why they still matter.

Shank explains that each bill pursues distinct objectives—semiconductor self‑sufficiency, a green‑energy transition, and modernized transport and broadband—but shares a common predistributive thread. Unlike classic industrial policy, which often ignores distributional outcomes, Biden’s approach embeds tools such as antitrust enforcement, equity‑linked performance standards, means‑tested subsidies, and place‑based investments to curb inequality before taxes are applied.

Concrete examples illustrate the strategy: the CHIPS Act couples subsidies with requirements for prevailing‑wage labor and on‑site child‑care; the infrastructure law forced Tesla to open its proprietary charging plug in exchange for federal funds, standardizing EV charging; and IRA incentives for electric vehicles are limited to households below a certain income threshold, directing benefits toward middle‑ and low‑income Americans.

The analysis suggests that blending industrial competitiveness with predistributive goals can reshape U.S. manufacturing while addressing rising inequality, but critics warn that juggling multiple objectives may dilute effectiveness. Future policymakers will need to balance these trade‑offs as the nation confronts supply‑chain vulnerabilities and climate imperatives.

Original Description

On this episode, Dan Richards talks with Andrew Schrank, a professor of sociology and international and public affairs at the Watson School, about the legacy of President Biden’s industrial policy — what it achieved, what it failed to achieve, and its continued effect on America’s economy and society. They also explore how President Trump's efforts to shape American industry compare to President Biden’s, and how both administrations have challenged long-standing notions about the role that government should play in our economy.
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Read Andrew Schrank’s article “Can Industrial Policy Still Do Big Things?” in Issues in Science and Technology
Transcript coming soon to our website

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