François Chollet

François Chollet

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Co-founder @ndea. Co-founder @arcprize. Creator of Keras and ARC-AGI. Author of 'Deep Learning with Python'.

Symmetry: Nature’s Compression Tool Reducing Model Complexity
SocialApr 10, 2026

Symmetry: Nature’s Compression Tool Reducing Model Complexity

The reason symmetry is so important in physics is because symmetry is a highly effective compression operator. If a system is invariant under some symmetry, you only need to explain one axis of it. Scientific models represent the systematic exploitation...

By François Chollet
Physics History: A Program Synthesis Quest for Simplicity
SocialApr 9, 2026

Physics History: A Program Synthesis Quest for Simplicity

We should view the history of physics as a long-running program synthesis task. Kepler and Newton were searching the space of possible symbolic models to find the simplest one that would best satisfy available observations.

By François Chollet
Meta's Model Prioritizes Benchmarks Over Real Utility
SocialApr 8, 2026

Meta's Model Prioritizes Benchmarks Over Real Utility

The new model from Meta is already looking like a disappointment: overoptimized for public benchmark numbers at the detriment of everything else. Knowing how to evaluate models in a way that correlates with actual usefulness is a core competency for...

By François Chollet
Most DL Researchers only Know Gradient Descent, Ignore Alternatives
SocialApr 7, 2026

Most DL Researchers only Know Gradient Descent, Ignore Alternatives

One thing about DL researchers that has always been surprising to me, is that a lot of them have never been exposed to forms of learning other than fitting the parameters of a curve via gradient descent, and are even...

By François Chollet
Symbolic Learning Reverses Code, Beats Curve‑Fitting
SocialApr 6, 2026

Symbolic Learning Reverses Code, Beats Curve‑Fitting

With curve-fitting, you are recording a lossy approximation of the output of some generative program. With symbolic learning, you are losslessly reverse-engineering the source code of the generative program. Symbolic learning won't be the best fit for all problems, but for...

By François Chollet
Base LLMs Lack Fluid Intelligence; Newer LRMs May Solve Math
SocialApr 6, 2026

Base LLMs Lack Fluid Intelligence; Newer LRMs May Solve Math

Paper below tested a variety of base LLMs (no TTA) on generalization-focus math problems and found that they can't reason and can't do math. All true... but the fact that base LLMs have zero fluid intelligence, while extremely controversial back in...

By François Chollet
Few Experiments, Symbolic Compression Built the Atomic Bomb
SocialApr 5, 2026

Few Experiments, Symbolic Compression Built the Atomic Bomb

Science went from the initial observation of radioactivity to a working atom bomb over 47 years via only about 9 distinct key experiments -- extremely few data points -- and symbolic models concise enough they would fit on a single...

By François Chollet
Keras Kinetic: Decorator‑Based TPU/GPU Jobs Made Simple
SocialApr 3, 2026

Keras Kinetic: Decorator‑Based TPU/GPU Jobs Made Simple

Perhaps the craziest thing that was introduced on the Keras community call today: Keras Kinetic, a new library that lets you run jobs on cloud TPU/GPU via a simple decorator -- like Modal but with TPU support. When you call a...

By François Chollet
Good Framework Design Yields High Performance with Minimal Effort
SocialApr 3, 2026

Good Framework Design Yields High Performance with Minimal Effort

JAX is what a well-designed low-level machine learning framework looks like. Good design lets you deliver much greater performance with much lower effort. Bad design is the exact opposite.

By François Chollet
Established Firms Win by AI‑enhanced Products and New Ventures
SocialApr 2, 2026

Established Firms Win by AI‑enhanced Products and New Ventures

Some of the biggest beneficiaries of AI will be established companies with a profitable business model that manage to leverage AI to make their existing products more compelling and even start new ones (like Adobe Podcast which is both new...

By François Chollet
Sycamore: Enterprise Agent OS by Sri's Stellar Team
SocialMar 30, 2026

Sycamore: Enterprise Agent OS by Sri's Stellar Team

Sri is building Sycamore: an agent OS for the enterprise. Great team and great product concept. Can't wait for the launch :)

By François Chollet
Secure Sandbox Empowers Local AI Assistants with Control
SocialMar 30, 2026

Secure Sandbox Empowers Local AI Assistants with Control

OpenClaw has proven that local AI assistants have product-market fit. But the big issue with them has been security. The team at @Pokee_AI is fixing it with PokeeClaw: works like OpenClaw, but with in a secure sandbox architecture with isolated environments, approval workflows,...

By François Chollet
We Can Build 3000‑Elo Chess Engine in 24 Hours
SocialMar 29, 2026

We Can Build 3000‑Elo Chess Engine in 24 Hours

Let me explain what I mean using your chess analogy... Imagine a world where chess doesn't exist. In this world, humanity encounters an alien species, and they say "let's play a game of Glurg, it's our traditional pastime. Here are the...

By François Chollet
Intelligence Is Bounded Ratio, Not Unlimited Scalar
SocialMar 29, 2026

Intelligence Is Bounded Ratio, Not Unlimited Scalar

One of the biggest misconceptions people have about intelligence is seeing it as some kind of unbounded scalar stat, like height. "Future AI will have 10,000 IQ", that sort of thing. Intelligence is a conversion ratio, with an optimality bound....

By François Chollet
François Chollet | Pulse