SAC-YOLO: Efficient Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Transmission Line Defect Detection
The paper presents SAC‑YOLO, an enhanced YOLOv11n model tailored for transmission‑line defect detection. It swaps the SPPF module for an AIFI block to boost intra‑scale interaction, adds a C3K2‑CFBlock for efficient local‑global feature blending, and introduces a Semantic‑Guided Multi‑Scale Fusion (SGMF) module for channel‑aware, bidirectional fusion. Experiments show a 3.5% rise in recall and a 3.8% increase in mAP@0.5 to 0.95, while preserving real‑time performance at 277 FPS. The lightweight architecture makes it suitable for edge deployment in harsh field conditions.
Single Switch High Gain DC-DC Quadratic Boost Converter for Renewable Energy Applications
Researchers Chakraborty et al. introduced a single‑switch quadratic boost converter that achieves high voltage gain for renewable energy systems. The prototype, rated at 200 W and 380 V input, delivers an 11.17× gain with only a 28 % duty cycle and reaches 96 %...
Age and Sex-Associated Variations in Hematological and Oxidative Stress Profiles of Geese
A Turkish study evaluated hematological and oxidative‑stress biomarkers in healthy geese, focusing on age and sex effects. Most blood parameters were similar between males and females, but males showed higher eosinophil percentages while females had higher monocyte ratios. Females exhibited...
Mechanism and Crack Research of Sodium Silicate-Slag-Basalt Fiber Ternary Synergistic Solidification of Silty Clay
Researchers developed a green ternary solidification system using sodium silicate, slag and basalt fiber to improve the mechanical performance of silty clay. Using a central composite rotational design, they identified an optimal blend of 7.76 % sodium silicate, 9.96 % slag and...
Local Government Debt Swaps, Fiscal-Financial Governance, and Bank Risk in China
China’s debt‑swap program, launched to convert implicit local government liabilities into explicit securities, is showing measurable effects on the banking sector. Using a 2011‑2024 bank‑region panel, researchers find that overall bank risk declines, but the impact varies by ownership. State‑owned...
A Lightweight Transformer Based System for Real Time Grammatical Error Correction on Mobile Devices
The study introduces a lightweight transformer‑based grammatical error correction (GEC) system designed for mobile devices. It delivers 90.8% precision, 82.4% recall, and an F0.5 score of 88.9%, surpassing BERT, T5, GPT and rule‑based models. Latency is trimmed to 35 ms and...
Secant Deep Hyperbolic Cosine Bio Inspired Whale Optimization for Building Detection From Satellite Images
Researchers introduced Secant Deep Belief Network‑based Hyperbolic Cosine Whale Optimization (SDBN‑HCWO) to improve building detection in satellite imagery. The method integrates a Secant Deep Belief Network with a bio‑inspired whale optimization algorithm that leverages hyperbolic cosine functions. Across three hidden...
PipeMoE-NER: MoE-LoRA Expert Adaptation and Three-Stage Chain-of-Thought for Pipeline Safety NER
PipeMoE‑NER introduces a parameter‑efficient expert adaptation that merges Mixture‑of‑Experts with LoRA to improve named entity recognition in pipeline safety texts. The model also employs a three‑stage Chain‑of‑Thought prompting pipeline—candidate generation, discrimination and typing, and verification—to enforce type consistency and JSON‑compliant...
ARPG+: Teaching Students to Ask Effective Questions for Educational LLM Use
Large language models are now common in classrooms, but most students lack the skill to craft effective prompts. ARPG+ introduces a real‑time coaching platform that detects learner struggle, measures cognitive overload, and provides calibrated, just‑in‑time scaffolding. In simulated trials, the...
Structure-Preserving Koopman Model Predictive Control for Closed-Loop Stabilisation of Memristive Neural Dynamics
Researchers introduced a Koopman operator‑based model predictive control (MPC) framework for a four‑state memristive Hindmarsh‑Rose neuron, a biophysical model that captures chaotic bursting and electromagnetic induction. By constructing a physics‑informed dictionary from iterated Lie derivatives, they reduced the lifted observable...
HyperAOE: Generalizing Zero-Shot Cross-City Trajectory Prediction with Hypernetworks
Researchers unveiled HyperAOE, a hypernetwork‑based framework that extends the earlier H0xtra model to achieve zero‑shot cross‑city trajectory prediction without any target‑city mobility data. The system decomposes the problem into three interchangeable components—spatial meta‑data, a city encoder, and a sequence‑to‑sequence backbone—allowing...
Fibonacci Laws of Planetary Motion: From Solar System Architecture to Earth’s Orbital Cycles
A new geometric model links planetary motion to a 335,317‑year master cycle derived from a 13:3 Fibonacci ratio, producing six “Fibonacci laws” that connect the inclinations and eccentricities of all eight planets. The framework requires only two Earth‑derived constants and...
Observing Stratospheric Residence Time From Opposing Transport Timescales
Researchers have identified a compensation rule linking the stratospheric mean age‑of‑air and mean residence time, causing near‑uniform total transit times across latitudes at each altitude. By exploiting this relationship, they derived global residence‑time fields directly from routinely measured age‑of‑air data,...
Seven-Year Longitudinal Respiratory Morbidity in Ohtahara Syndrome: A Case Emphasizing Integrated Airway and Seizure Care in a Resource-Limited Setting
A seven‑year longitudinal case study of a girl with Ohtahara syndrome (OS) reveals that recurrent pneumonia and bronchopneumonia dominate her morbidity, accounting for over 15 hospitalizations between ages one and seven. Despite aggressive antiseizure regimens, her respiratory complications often coincided...
Measuring the Deforestation that Did Not Happen – a Global Perspective
A new pre‑print models a counterfactual world where agricultural profit alone drives forest loss in 28 countries that generate 87 % of global deforestation. The model shows that, without conservation actions, deforestation rates since 2001‑2004 would have more than doubled, meaning...
Introducing a Group-Based Cannabis Prevention Program for Adolescents in Youth Residential Care in Germany (CANJuStop): Study Protocol for an Exploratory...
A new group‑based cannabis prevention program, CAN Ju Stop, is being tested among adolescents in German residential youth care. The exploratory cluster‑randomized trial compares the adapted six‑session intervention with a waitlist control, measuring abstinence or reduction in cannabis use over 30 days....
Diurnal Behavioral and Neural Rhythms in a Solitary Ascidian (Chordata, Ascidiacea) Styela Plicata
Researchers examined daily rhythms in the solitary ascidian Styela plicata, a basal chordate, by tracking siphon contractions and recording cerebral ganglion activity over a full light‑dark cycle. The organism contracted its siphon more often at night, while neural recordings revealed...
Continuity of Care in the Age of AI: Supporting Safer Handovers in Primary and Community Health and Social Care
A new human‑centred AI framework aims to reduce handover failures in UK primary, community and social care. The four‑component model includes change‑focused summaries, cross‑team communication support, safety prompts, and workforce wellbeing integration. A needs assessment of 21 domiciliary care workers...
Two Previously Unreported Prostate Cancer Gene Candidates Identified Through Governed Multi-Omics Screening of TCGA-PRAD
A governed multi‑omics screening pipeline applied to the TCGA‑PRAD cohort filtered 19,010 genes through four independent quality gates, identifying 942 high‑confidence candidates. Ten matched known prostate cancer genes, confirming sensitivity, while two novel candidates—DNAH5 and PRR36—showed strong over‑expression and statistical...
Knowledge, Perception and Reporting Attitudes of Adverse Events Following Immunization Among Parents of Infants in Rural Area, Sri Lanka: A...
A cross‑sectional survey of 393 parents in rural Sri Lanka found 73% had adequate knowledge of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), but only 48% could identify serious reactions such as anaphylaxis. Knowledge was higher among parents over 30, with secondary...
Impact of Ionic Wind-Driven DBD Plasma on the Surface Electrical, Mechanical and Chemical Characteristics of Polyethylene, Polypropylene and CR-39
Researchers demonstrated that ionic‑wind driven dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma can implant nitrogen ions into polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and CR‑39 polymer substrates. Operating at 18 kV for up to 50 minutes, the process created ion tracks 0.17–0.2 µm deep, altering surface morphology,...
Efficacy and Safety of Homeopathic Medicines in Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Related Complications: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A new protocol outlines a systematic review and meta‑analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of homeopathic medicines versus placebo in adults with pre‑diabetes, Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, and related complications. The review will pool randomized and controlled clinical trials...
ViraHInter: A Dual-Modal Artificial Intelligence Framework for Predicting Virus-Host Interactions
ViraHInter is a dual‑modal deep‑learning framework that predicts virus‑host protein interactions by combining structure‑generation and sequence‑embedding branches. The system outperforms leading models such as RoseTTAFold2‑PPI and AlphaFold 3 on pathogenic coronaviruses and influenza A viruses, even under severe class imbalance. It uncovered...
Influence of Artificial Intelligence on University Multimedia Education: A Critical Analysis From the Perspective of O.D.S. Nine
Artificial intelligence has become a staple in multimedia production, powering image generation, video editing, music composition, and scriptwriting. However, each AI‑driven render consumes electricity, often sourced from carbon‑intensive power plants, raising sustainability concerns. The paper proposes a pedagogical shift: integrating...
Glucose Deprivation Induces Cancer Cell Death Through Oncogene Overdose
A new preprint reveals that removing glucose kills EGFR-, BRAF- or PI3K‑driven cancer cells by causing oncogene overdose rather than simple energy loss. Transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic profiling shows metabolic stress rewires oncogenic signaling, making key transcripts and phosphopeptides hypersensitive to...
Biologically Plausible Quantum Error Correction\\in a Three-Layer Neural Spin Model
Researchers introduced a three‑layer neural spin model that integrates nuclear‑spin memory, radical‑pair interfaces, and classical electrochemistry to explore quantum error correction (QEC) in biology. They mapped five QEC paradigms—decoherence‑free subspaces, dynamical decoupling, purification QEC, gauging symmetry protection, and catalytic coherence...
Sustainability in Jordan's Municipal Solid Waste Management System: Reduction of Methane Emissions and Benefits to Public Health
Jordan’s municipal solid waste management relies on landfilling 80% of waste, driving a steep rise in methane emissions. Using LEAP modeling, researchers project emissions climbing from 4.3 Mt CO₂e in 2020 to 7.8 Mt by 2050 if current practices persist. A suite...
Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Characterization of Eggshell-Derived Calcium-Deficiency Bone-Like Hydroxyapatite
The study introduces a two‑step thermal method that leverages the intrinsic pH 10 of calcined eggshell powder to synthesize phase‑pure calcium‑deficiency hydroxyapatite (CDHA) without added NaOH, KOH, or phosphoric acid. First, eggshells are calcined at 900 °C to form CaO; then the...
Night Temperature Determines Nearly Half of Wheat Yield Variation Globally
A new pre‑print analyzing 42 years of wheat trials across 255 sites finds that daily minimum (night) temperature is a dominant driver of yield variation. Average nighttime temperature during grain filling accounts for 40% of yield differences, rising to 52%...
Ethical AI in Customer Segmentation: An Explainability, Fairness, and Behavioral Autonomy Framework
The study introduces the Ethical‑by‑Design Business Intelligence (EDBI) framework, which integrates Explainable AI, fairness auditing, privacy‑preserving analytics, and behavioural autonomy safeguards into the customer‑segmentation lifecycle. It also defines two governance metrics—the Ethical Segmentation Score (ESS) and the Behavioural Autonomy Index...
Determining the Genome Content of Ornamental Plants Using Flow Cytometry
Researchers applied flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining to estimate nuclear DNA content in six widely cultivated ornamental species. Chicken red blood cells served as an internal reference, producing high‑quality histograms with coefficients of variation below 5 %. Genome sizes ranged...
Organising Regional Collaborations in Young-Onset Dementia Care: How Current Practice Reflects National Integrated Care Policy Recommendations
A new Dutch study mapped 16 regional networks dedicated to young‑onset dementia (YOD) care, revealing a patchwork of collaborations with varying governance structures and levels of formalisation. While many networks share common goals and formal agreements that boost effectiveness, they...
Validation of the Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors-6 (ACBS-6) Scale in Individuals with Insomnia and Its Association with Sleep- Related Safety...
Researchers validated the Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors about Sleep‑6 (ACBS‑6) scale in a sample of 600 individuals with insomnia. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two‑factor structure—adaptive cognition and adaptive behavior—while item‑response theory confirmed high reliability and discrimination, except for items...
Independent Assessment of Duct-Focused Digital Subtraction Pancreatography for Pancreatic Duct Visualization: A Retrospective Pilot Study
An independent retrospective pilot evaluated digital subtraction pancreatography (DSP) in 11 cases versus 10 conventional pancreatography procedures. DSP was technically feasible in all cases, delivering acceptable main pancreatic duct visualization in up to 100% of reviews and comparable radiation exposure...
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Are Associated with Reduced Cumulus Cell MFN1 Expression and Lower Oocyte Maturation Rates
A cross‑sectional study of 57 IVF patients found per‑ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in all follicular fluid samples, with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) present at measurable levels. PFOS showed a moderate inverse correlation (‑0.45) with cumulus‑cell MFN1 expression, a gene critical...
Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Thickness in the Maxillary Anterior Esthetic Zone of Six Anterior Teeth – A Retrospective CBCT Study
A retrospective CBCT analysis of 206 Saudi patients measured labial alveolar bone thickness (LABT) across the six maxillary anterior teeth. The average LABT was below the clinically recommended 2 mm, with the thinnest values at the mid‑root level (Point B) and the...
Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Practices Among Primary School Children Aged 6–15 Years in Urban Informal Settlements of Eldoret City,...
A cross‑sectional study of 407 primary school children in Eldoret’s informal settlements found a 26% prevalence of dental caries. Daily consumption of sugary biscuits, cakes, sweets and candy significantly increased caries risk, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.31 to...
Resource Gain or Stress Buffer? The Chain Mediation Path of Mindfulness in Relieving Parenting Burnout of Parents of Children with...
A recent cross‑sectional study examined how mindfulness influences parental burnout among caregivers of children with ADHD. Using structural equation modeling, researchers identified psychological capital and parenting stress as sequential mediators that fully explain the mindfulness‑burnout link. Mindfulness boosted parents' hope,...
Interdisciplinary Simulation in Clinical Training: Learning and Satisfaction of Nursing and Medical Students
A cross‑sectional study of 60 second‑year nursing and fourth‑year medical students evaluated an interdisciplinary high‑fidelity simulation titled “Basic Patient Assessment.” Participants reported uniformly high satisfaction, with every respondent recommending the activity, and the highest scores were recorded for the learning...
Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Patients Attending a Private Clinic, Boorama, Somaliland, 2020-2024
The Boorama clinic study examined vitamin D status in 200 patients from 2020‑2024, revealing that 76 % were insufficient and 11.5 % deficient. Statistical analysis linked low levels to older age, female gender, and specific geographic locations within Somaliland. Despite abundant sunshine, the...
Trend Analysis of Atmospheric and Oceanic Variables and Their Compound Effect on Tropical Cyclones in the Arabian Sea
A new study examines how atmospheric and oceanic variables shape tropical cyclone genesis and intensity in the Arabian Sea, using ERA5 reanalysis and HYCOM model data spanning 2005‑2020. The analysis reveals that mixed‑layer ocean heat content (OHC) is rising, while...
How Content Characteristics Foster Audience Engagement on Instagram
The study investigates how Instagram content traits affect audience engagement for Oman’s nation branding. Quantitative metrics and qualitative themes reveal that self‑created posts outperform collaborative or reposted material, confirming the power of authenticity. Visually refined images—strong composition, vivid colour, creative...
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Perioperative Outcomes in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Researchers performed a systematic review and meta‑analysis of six retrospective cohort studies covering over 48,000 hip and knee arthroplasty patients to assess the impact of pre‑operative glucagon‑like‑peptide‑1 receptor agonist (GLP‑1 RA) therapy. The analysis found a 20 % reduction in revision...
Green Growth Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation in the Mangrove Forest Area of Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve, Vietnam
A mixed‑methods study of 143 households in Vietnam's Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve shows that ecological aquaculture, mangrove restoration, waste recycling and community‑based eco‑tourism can boost incomes—averaging about $105 per month per household—while raising climate awareness to 81% and green‑growth...
National Prevalence of Diarrhea and Associated Factors Among Children Under Five in Afghanistan
A 2022‑23 survey of 32,989 Afghan children under five found that 38.2% had experienced diarrhea in the past two weeks. The risk was highest for children aged 6‑35 months, while maternal age over 20, higher household wealth, and maternal education...
IFIT3 Knockdown Attenuates Pressure-Overload-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Remodeling Through a JNK/H3K9 Lactylation-Associated Mechanism
The study identified interferon‑induced protein IFIT3 as a macrophage‑enriched hub gene in failing human hearts. Using AAV‑mediated knockdown in a transverse aortic constriction mouse model, researchers showed that reducing IFIT3 expression improves cardiac function, lowers inflammatory cytokine release, and attenuates...
A Multifunctional Terahertz Metadevice Enabled by Single-Layer VO2 : From Ultra-Broadband to Dual-Narrowband Perfect Absorption
Researchers have demonstrated a terahertz metamaterial absorber that switches between ultra‑broadband and dual‑narrowband perfect absorption using a single vanadium dioxide (VO₂) layer. In its metallic phase, the device delivers over 90% absorption from 4.10 to 12.58 THz, covering an absolute bandwidth...
Early Permian Multi-Ovulate Fruit Rewrites Angiosperm History
Researchers have described a new fossil genus, Shuozhoufructella, from the Lower Permian of Shanxi, China. The plant bears a multi‑ovulate fruit in which ovules are attached by funiculi along the fruit rim, a configuration previously unknown in gymnosperms but typical...
Factor Model-Based Detection of Regime Transitions in High-Dimensional Climate Data (ERA5)
Researchers applied Exploratory Factor Analysis to ERA5 data for a site at 29° N, 77° E, revealing two enduring climate regimes—a thermal land‑atmosphere mode and a moisture‑circulation mode. Between 1991 and 2025, the thermal mode’s explained variance rose from 50.1% to 54.2% while...
Surface‑Engineered Primer Immobilization Enables Simplified and Affordable Nucleic‑Acid Capture for Molecular Diagnostics in Sub‑Saharan Africa
A study introduces a silica‑free nucleic‑acid capture method using polycarbonate surfaces modified with acetone‑UV pretreatment and branched polyethyleneimine linkers. The treatment doubles surface carboxyl groups, and BPEI chemistry attaches about 2.6 times more primers than conventional ethylenediamine links. Fluorescence assays confirm...