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What's Next for Ukraine: The Labour Market

Ukraine has lost roughly a quarter of its civilian workforce since the 2022 invasion, with 3.5 million workers displaced, mobilised, or killed. Despite this shock, aggregate job‑matching efficiency declined only about 15%, a smaller drop than during the 2008 U.S. financial crisis. Employers responded by hiring women, older workers, and people with disabilities, and by expanding remote work to keep displaced staff on Ukrainian payrolls. The collapse was geographically concentrated, with employment in frontline regions falling below half of pre‑war levels, posing a major challenge for post‑war reconstruction.