Mechanization Enhances Wheat Yield and Technical Efficiency: Evidence From Smallholder Farmers in the Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
A new study of 409 wheat‑growing smallholders in Ethiopia’s Arsi Zone finds that mechanization markedly improves technical efficiency and yields. Farmers using both tractors and combine harvesters achieve the highest efficiency score of 0.95, while fertilizer applications of DAP and urea boost output across all groups. The research employs a Stochastic Frontier Model with selection correction and a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression to isolate the impact of machinery. Results underscore the need for expanded mechanization services and stronger extension support to raise wheat production.
Differential Responses of Soil Bacterial Community and Respiration to Plastic Film and Straw Mulching in a Maize Field
A three‑year maize field trial compared no mulching, plastic film mulching (PM) and straw mulching (SM). PM raised bacterial alpha diversity early in the season but suppressed it later, while SM consistently increased diversity. PM shifted the community toward oligotrophs...
Human Physiology at the Upper Limit of Extreme Heat Exposure
Recent climate‑risk assessments use a fixed 35 °C wet‑bulb temperature (T_wet) as a universal survival limit for humans. New chamber experiments with heat‑acclimated volunteers reveal that physiological strain at this T_wet differs dramatically across ambient temperatures, with 54 °C dry heat cutting...
Mitochondrial-Inflammatory Axis Dysregulation Triggers Disulfidptosis and the Systemic Repair Mechanism of Bisphenol A Following Spinal Cord Injury
Researchers investigated bisphenol A (BPA) as a therapeutic agent in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). BPA treatment markedly enhanced locomotor recovery and reduced histopathological damage, correlating with up‑regulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes Ndufs1, Ndufa11, and Ndufb10. Metabolomic...
Gendered Role Expectations and Satisfaction Outcomes Among Mompreneurs: A Role Identity Perspective
The study combines Role Identity Theory and Gender Role Theory to examine how gendered role expectations affect mompreneurs in Tamil Nadu, India. Surveying 300 mother‑business owners, the researchers used PLS‑SEM to link expectations with role conflict, role enrichment, and overall role...
High-Throughput Diffuse Electron Projection Lithography
Researchers introduced diffuse electron projection lithography (DEPL), which uses a wide diffuse electron beam in air and patterned gold‑nanoparticle masks to pattern features as small as 4 nm. The technique demonstrated a throughput of 15 4‑inch wafers per hour and projects up...
Artificial Intelligence for Inclusive Engineering Education: Advancing Equality, Diversity, and Ethical Leadership
Artificial intelligence is reshaping engineering education through adaptive, data‑driven platforms that aim to close equity gaps. While progress is evident, gender disparity, cultural under‑representation, and limited STEM access persist worldwide. The paper proposes an ethical AI framework linked to UN...
Voronoi Diagram-Based Volume Decomposition and Overhang Control in Topology Optimization for Multi-Axis Additive Manufacturing
The study introduces a Voronoi diagram‑based partitioning method for topology optimization tailored to multi‑axis additive manufacturing. By using a Softmax‑Heaviside projection, the approach guarantees full domain coverage and stable partitions controlled by a few seed points. Overhang constraints are integrated...
Effects of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices, and Manure Output of Kano...
Researchers evaluated four diets—control, Bovizyme®, Betafin®, and Astrax®—in twelve Kano Brown bucks over 12 weeks to assess exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. While feed intake and weight gain were unchanged, Bovizyme® markedly improved digestibility of dry matter, protein, fiber, and fat, reaching...
Prediction of Shear Force in Hanwoo Beef Cuts During Aging Using Advanced Machine Learning
A team of Korean researchers built machine‑learning models to forecast Warner‑Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) across 33 Hanwoo beef cuts, using a dataset of 15,326 observations from 386 animals. Gradient boosting regression outperformed linear approaches, achieving an R² of 0.64, MSE...
LUBAC PUB Domain Interactions Restrict Met1-Linked Ubiquitination to Prevent Embryonic Lethality and Immune Pathology
Researchers discovered that the PUB domain of the LUBAC subunit HOIP binds PIM‑containing proteins such as OTULIN and SPATA2‑CYLD, limiting Met1‑linked ubiquitination. Disrupting this interaction in mice caused uncontrolled Met1‑Ub accumulation, impaired immune receptor signaling, and heightened sensitivity to TNF‑induced...
Knowledge and Adherence to Palliative Care Practices
A quantitative survey of physicians, nurses, therapists and other staff at a Brazilian tertiary hospital revealed substantial gaps in knowledge and perception of palliative care (PC). About one‑quarter of respondents did not know the hospital’s PC services, with statistically significant...
Altitude-Dependent Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Storage Potential of Agroforestry Systems in Garhwal Region, India
Researchers evaluated 14 agroforestry models across three altitude zones (800‑2300 m) in Uttarakhand’s Garhwal Himalaya to quantify biomass accumulation and carbon storage. Mixed agri‑silvi‑horticulture (ASH) systems, especially the home‑garden model HASH6, delivered the highest above‑ground biomass (162.7 t ha⁻¹) and carbon stocks (73.2 t C ha⁻¹)....
Reti̇nal and Choroi̇dal Mi̇crovascular Changes İn Hemodi̇alysi̇s and Peri̇toneal Di̇alysi̇s: A Comparati̇ve Oct and Oct-A Study
Researchers used OCT and OCTA to compare retinal and choroidal changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) versus peritoneal dialysis (PD). Across 84 eyes from 46 patients, central macular thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased significantly after each dialysis session, while...
Multi-Cloud Trust Integrity-Based Security Management Architecture for Blockchain- Enhanced Secure Network Slicing Using CKBNA and SFDA
A new multi‑cloud security framework introduces a Crystals‑Kyber Bickley‑Naylor (CKBNA) key‑establishment protocol and a Struve Function‑based Dilithium (SFDA) signature scheme to protect Secure Network Slicing (SNS). The architecture leverages an IpLUEN‑LSTM model for slice prediction, Hyperbolic Growth Gazelle Optimization for...
Genome-Wide Evolutionary Dynamics of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in South Korea, 1984-2022
A comprehensive study of 198 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates from South Korea, spanning 1984‑2022, generated 230 complete genomes to assess viral evolution beyond the traditional S1 gene. Researchers uncovered a novel K‑IId variant, C3, circulating in 2021‑2022 and identified...
A Techno-Economic Framework Evaluating Coal Ash Feedstocks for Multi-Product Resource Recovery
A new preprint presents a techno‑economic framework that evaluates coal‑combustion ash as a feedstock for extracting rare earth elements, critical minerals and alkalinity. By integrating laboratory extraction data with process‑scale cost modeling, the authors assess capital, operating expenses and revenue...
Striking the Balance: Affective Commitment, Ambidexterity and New Venture Performance
The study of 7,315 new ventures in 23 countries finds that founders’ affective commitment boosts an innovation ambidexterity strategy, which in turn lifts financial performance. Quantile analysis shows the direct effect of commitment weakens at the highest performance levels, while...
BX6-Dependent Benzoxazinoid Biosynthesis Enhances Herbivore Resistance and Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat Triticum Turgidum
Researchers used CRISPR‑Cas9 to knock out the BX6 gene in tetraploid durum wheat, creating a benzoxazinoid‑deficient mutant. The BX6‑null plants supported higher reproduction of sucking insects such as aphids and two‑spotted spider mites, while chewing caterpillars were unaffected. Under saline...
The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on Environmental Degradation: Evidence From OIC Countries
A new econometric study of 35 OIC nations finds that renewable energy consumption consistently lowers the ecological footprint, while trade openness raises it. Using a two‑step system GMM approach, the research shows a persistent U‑shaped relationship between GDP and environmental...
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte-to-Platelet Ratio Predicts Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Heart Failure Patients
A retrospective analysis of 3,942 critically ill heart‑failure patients from the MIMIC‑IV database found that the neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte‑to‑platelet ratio (NLPR) is a strong predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI). Overall, 86.5% of the cohort developed AKI, and those in the highest...
Micro Green Corridors for Transforming Underutilized Privately Owned Micro Lots Into Urban Green Infrastructure
The study unveils Micro Green Corridors (MGCs), a landowner‑centric framework that converts underutilized privately owned micro‑lots into distributed urban green infrastructure. By treating fragmented parcels as design opportunities, MGCs supplies tools for zoning navigation, incentive alignment, and collaborative planning. A...
Fabrication of Fluorine Doped Ti/SnO2-Sb/α-PbO2/F-Doped Β-PbO2 Electrode and Optimized Treatment of Dye Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology in Plate and...
Researchers fabricated a fluorine‑doped β‑PbO₂ electrode that exhibits a 1.81 V oxygen evolution potential and an accelerated life of 32 hours, delivering superior decolorization of methylene‑blue dye wastewater. Using response‑surface methodology, they modeled the effects of current density, electrolyte concentration, pH and...
Natural History, Hospitalizations and Mortality Causes in ATTRv V30M Amyloidosis in an Endemic European Cohort
A retrospective study of 55 deceased Mallorca patients with the V30M transthyretin amyloidosis variant revealed a median diagnosis age of 68.5 years and a median survival of 70 months. Most (78%) displayed combined neurological and cardiac disease, and 42% had...
Modeling and Prediction of Laser Cladding Layer Morphology with Deep Learning
Researchers have developed a deep‑learning model, termed ESFM, to predict laser‑cladding layer quality. The model leverages EfficientNetV2 enhanced with ShuffleNetV2 channel‑shuffle blocks and is trained on an augmented dataset of molten‑pool images. Validation shows the ESFM network reaches 96 % classification...
Structural, Morphological, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO50%-CdO50% Mixed-Oxide Nanoparticles
Researchers used a sonochemical route, with and without lemon‑extract capping, to produce equimolar ZnO‑50%‑CdO‑50% mixed‑oxide nanoparticles. X‑ray diffraction confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite lattice distorted by Cd incorporation, while electron microscopy showed particle sizes shrinking from ~62 nm (uncapped) to ~17 nm (capped)....
Objective Determination of Over-Excavation Criterion in Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunnel Boring Machine Operations Using Data-Augmented Machine Learning
A new study introduces a data‑driven method to set an objective over‑excavation criterion for earth‑pressure‑balance tunnel boring machines. By applying data‑augmented machine‑learning classifiers, researchers identified an optimal over‑excavation ratio (C_OE) of 1.15, achieving an 86.4% detection rate for over‑excavation events....
A Robust RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Nefopam in Human Plasma: Design of Experiments Approach
A rapid RP‑HPLC method using a Quality by Design framework was validated for simultaneous quantification of paracetamol and nefopam in human plasma. The C18 column with an acetonitrile/0.1 % orthophosphoric acid mobile phase achieved retention times of 6.22 min for paracetamol and...
Decoding Pedestrian Severity at Crosswalks Using Hybrid Clustering and Random Parameter Models
A Texas study of 2017‑2022 crosswalk crashes used Cluster Correspondence Analysis to sort incidents into three environments: turn‑phase right‑of‑way violations at intersections, low‑speed yield‑phase collisions, and distraction‑related driveway departures. Within each cluster, Random Parameter Logit models showed that weather, lighting,...
Mal-Predict: Machine Learning-Guided Rapid Virtual Screening of Compounds Against Selected Targets of Plasmodium Falciparum Validated Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
The researchers launched Mal‑Predict, a machine‑learning workflow that used a Random Forest classifier (AUC 0.912) to screen 1.9 million compounds from DrugBank, natural‑product, and Enamine‑Real databases for activity against Plasmodium falciparum targets. Predicted actives were docked and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations,...
Nutritional Habits, Body Composition, and Dental Health in Children: A Qualitative Research on Parental Approaches
A qualitative study of 23 mothers at Karabük’s Family Dentistry Department examined parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices around child nutrition and oral health. Children averaged 25.4 kg and 129.5 cm, with 56.5% in a normal BMI range; mothers showed similar BMI patterns....
How Convection-Permitting Climate Models Improve the Representation of Urban Temperatures in Europe
The paper delivers the first multi‑model ensemble assessment of kilometre‑scale convection‑permitting climate models (CPMs) versus 12‑km regional climate models (RCMs) for urban temperature and heat‑island representation across six European cities. Using 21 CPM simulations from 2000‑2009, the authors show that...
Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change and Resilience Among Women in Coastal and Northern Ghana
A new qualitative study of 16 women in Ghana’s coastal town of Salakope and northern village of Choggu Yapalsi reveals that climate change is eroding mental wellbeing through ecological loss, livelihood disruption, caregiving overload, heat stress, and displacement trauma. Participants reported...
Predictive Value of T-Eat-10 and Nuffe-Tr for Aspiration Pneumonia in Nursing Home Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
A cross‑sectional study of 415 Turkish nursing‑home residents found that the Turkish Eating Assessment Tool (T‑EAT‑10) reliably predicts aspiration pneumonia. Residents with the condition scored markedly higher on both T‑EAT‑10 and the NUFFE‑TR malnutrition questionnaire. Multivariate analysis identified T‑EAT‑10 as...
A Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Method Integrating Physical Mechanisms and Deep Learning
Researchers have introduced a hybrid photovoltaic power forecasting method that merges physical modeling with deep learning. The approach uses a non‑uniform error compensation strategy, a 37‑dimensional feature system, and a dynamic weighted fusion based on four confidence factors. Validation on...
A Hybrid Generative and Transformer-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Sensor Time-Series for Predictive Maintenance
The paper presents a hybrid anomaly‑detection framework that combines a state‑of‑the‑art GAN, statistical distance metrics and the Anomaly Transformer to monitor multivariate industrial sensor streams. By leveraging reconstruction error, Mahalanobis distance and isolation‑tree scores, the system captures both distributional and...
SAC-YOLO: Efficient Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Transmission Line Defect Detection
The paper presents SAC‑YOLO, an enhanced YOLOv11n model tailored for transmission‑line defect detection. It swaps the SPPF module for an AIFI block to boost intra‑scale interaction, adds a C3K2‑CFBlock for efficient local‑global feature blending, and introduces a Semantic‑Guided Multi‑Scale Fusion...
Single Switch High Gain DC-DC Quadratic Boost Converter for Renewable Energy Applications
Researchers Chakraborty et al. introduced a single‑switch quadratic boost converter that achieves high voltage gain for renewable energy systems. The prototype, rated at 200 W and 380 V input, delivers an 11.17× gain with only a 28 % duty cycle and reaches 96 %...
Age and Sex-Associated Variations in Hematological and Oxidative Stress Profiles of Geese
A Turkish study evaluated hematological and oxidative‑stress biomarkers in healthy geese, focusing on age and sex effects. Most blood parameters were similar between males and females, but males showed higher eosinophil percentages while females had higher monocyte ratios. Females exhibited...
Mechanism and Crack Research of Sodium Silicate-Slag-Basalt Fiber Ternary Synergistic Solidification of Silty Clay
Researchers developed a green ternary solidification system using sodium silicate, slag and basalt fiber to improve the mechanical performance of silty clay. Using a central composite rotational design, they identified an optimal blend of 7.76 % sodium silicate, 9.96 % slag and...
Local Government Debt Swaps, Fiscal-Financial Governance, and Bank Risk in China
China’s debt‑swap program, launched to convert implicit local government liabilities into explicit securities, is showing measurable effects on the banking sector. Using a 2011‑2024 bank‑region panel, researchers find that overall bank risk declines, but the impact varies by ownership. State‑owned...
A Lightweight Transformer Based System for Real Time Grammatical Error Correction on Mobile Devices
The study introduces a lightweight transformer‑based grammatical error correction (GEC) system designed for mobile devices. It delivers 90.8% precision, 82.4% recall, and an F0.5 score of 88.9%, surpassing BERT, T5, GPT and rule‑based models. Latency is trimmed to 35 ms and...
Secant Deep Hyperbolic Cosine Bio Inspired Whale Optimization for Building Detection From Satellite Images
Researchers introduced Secant Deep Belief Network‑based Hyperbolic Cosine Whale Optimization (SDBN‑HCWO) to improve building detection in satellite imagery. The method integrates a Secant Deep Belief Network with a bio‑inspired whale optimization algorithm that leverages hyperbolic cosine functions. Across three hidden...
PipeMoE-NER: MoE-LoRA Expert Adaptation and Three-Stage Chain-of-Thought for Pipeline Safety NER
PipeMoE‑NER introduces a parameter‑efficient expert adaptation that merges Mixture‑of‑Experts with LoRA to improve named entity recognition in pipeline safety texts. The model also employs a three‑stage Chain‑of‑Thought prompting pipeline—candidate generation, discrimination and typing, and verification—to enforce type consistency and JSON‑compliant...
ARPG+: Teaching Students to Ask Effective Questions for Educational LLM Use
Large language models are now common in classrooms, but most students lack the skill to craft effective prompts. ARPG+ introduces a real‑time coaching platform that detects learner struggle, measures cognitive overload, and provides calibrated, just‑in‑time scaffolding. In simulated trials, the...
Structure-Preserving Koopman Model Predictive Control for Closed-Loop Stabilisation of Memristive Neural Dynamics
Researchers introduced a Koopman operator‑based model predictive control (MPC) framework for a four‑state memristive Hindmarsh‑Rose neuron, a biophysical model that captures chaotic bursting and electromagnetic induction. By constructing a physics‑informed dictionary from iterated Lie derivatives, they reduced the lifted observable...
HyperAOE: Generalizing Zero-Shot Cross-City Trajectory Prediction with Hypernetworks
Researchers unveiled HyperAOE, a hypernetwork‑based framework that extends the earlier H0xtra model to achieve zero‑shot cross‑city trajectory prediction without any target‑city mobility data. The system decomposes the problem into three interchangeable components—spatial meta‑data, a city encoder, and a sequence‑to‑sequence backbone—allowing...
Fibonacci Laws of Planetary Motion: From Solar System Architecture to Earth’s Orbital Cycles
A new geometric model links planetary motion to a 335,317‑year master cycle derived from a 13:3 Fibonacci ratio, producing six “Fibonacci laws” that connect the inclinations and eccentricities of all eight planets. The framework requires only two Earth‑derived constants and...
Observing Stratospheric Residence Time From Opposing Transport Timescales
Researchers have identified a compensation rule linking the stratospheric mean age‑of‑air and mean residence time, causing near‑uniform total transit times across latitudes at each altitude. By exploiting this relationship, they derived global residence‑time fields directly from routinely measured age‑of‑air data,...
Seven-Year Longitudinal Respiratory Morbidity in Ohtahara Syndrome: A Case Emphasizing Integrated Airway and Seizure Care in a Resource-Limited Setting
A seven‑year longitudinal case study of a girl with Ohtahara syndrome (OS) reveals that recurrent pneumonia and bronchopneumonia dominate her morbidity, accounting for over 15 hospitalizations between ages one and seven. Despite aggressive antiseizure regimens, her respiratory complications often coincided...