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📘 Penalty on Early Withdrawal — Taxation Course | CPA Exam

Professor Farad explains that early‑withdrawal penalties on CDs are deductible adjustments to AGI, not itemized deductions. The penalty reduces the taxable portion of interest earned, while the full interest amount remains reportable on Form 1040. The lecture walks through Schedule 1, line 18, showing how a $500 penalty offsets $1,000 interest, resulting in $700 taxable interest. Because the deduction is “for AGI,” it lowers adjusted gross income regardless of whether the taxpayer itemizes. An illustrative multiple‑choice question reinforces the rule: include the $800 interest earned, then deduct the $300 forfeited, yielding $500 taxable interest. The instructor also notes that banks typically retain forfeited interest rather than charging a separate fee. Understanding this treatment is crucial for CPA exam candidates and tax preparers, as it ensures accurate reporting and maximizes client tax savings. Misclassifying the penalty could inflate AGI and trigger unnecessary tax liability.