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Improved Two-Way Cv-Qkd Achieves Secure Key Generation with Continuous-Mode Analysis

Researchers present an improved two‑way continuous‑variable quantum key distribution (CV‑QKD) protocol that explicitly models continuous‑mode optical fields and incorporates finite‑size security analysis. By decomposing signals into temporal modes and applying adaptive shot‑noise normalization, the scheme achieves tighter secret‑key rate estimates. Numerical simulations show a 24 % increase in secure transmission distance and tolerance to three times higher excess noise compared with traditional one‑way CV‑QKD. The work demonstrates practical scalability for long‑distance quantum networks.